Background The etiology of prostate cancer (PCa) is multiple and complex. Among the causes recently cited are chronic infections engendered by microorganisms that often go unnoticed. A typical illustration of such a case is infection due to mollicutes bacteria. Generally known by their lurking nature, urogenital mollicutes are the most incriminated in PCa. This study was thus carried out in an attempt to establish the presence of these mollicutes by PCR in biopsies of confirmed PCa patients and to evaluate their prevalence. Methods A total of 105 Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded prostate tissues collected from 50 patients suffering from PCa and 55 with benign prostate hyperplasia were subjected to PCR amplification targeting species-specific genes of 5 urogenital mollicutes species, Mycoplasma genitalium, M. hominis, M. fermentans, Ureaplasma parvum , and U. urealyticum . PCR products were then sequenced to confirm species identification. Results significance was statistically assessed using Chi-square and Odds ratio tests. Results PCR amplification showed no positive results for M. genitalium, M. hominis, and M. fermentans in all tested patients. Strikingly, Ureaplasma spp. were detected among 30% (15/50) of PCa patients. Nucleotide sequencing further confirmed the identified ureaplasma species, which were distributed as follows: 7 individuals with only U. parvum , 5 with only U. urealyticum , and 3 co-infection cases. Association of the two ureaplasma species with PCa cases proved statistically significant ( P < 0.05), and found to represent a risk factor. Of note, Ureaplasma spp. were mostly identified in patients aged 60 and above with prostatic specific antigen (PSA) level > 4 ng/ml and an invasive malignant prostate tumor (Gleason score 8–10). Conclusions This study uncovered a significant association of Ureaplasma spp. with PCa arguing in favour of their potential involvement in this condition. Yet, this finding, though statistically supported, warrants a thorough investigation at a much larger scale.

中文翻译：

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侵袭性前列腺恶性肿瘤患者泌尿生殖软体的分子检测


背景 前列腺癌（PCa）的病因多种多样且复杂。最近提到的原因之一是由经常被忽视的微生物引起的慢性感染。这种情况的一个典型例子是由软体细菌引起的感染。众所周知，泌尿生殖软体具有潜伏性，是前列腺癌中最常见的罪魁祸首。因此，本研究的目的是通过 PCR 确定确诊 PCa 患者的活检中是否存在这些软体，并评估其患病率。方法对50例PCa患者和55例良性前列腺增生患者的105份福尔马林固定石蜡包埋的前列腺组织进行PCR扩增，针对生殖支原体、人型支原体、M.人型支原体等5种泌尿生殖软体动物的种属特异性基因进行PCR扩增。发酵菌、小脲原体和解脲脲原体。然后对 PCR 产物进行测序以确认物种鉴定。使用卡方和优势比检验对结果显着性进行统计评估。结果 PCR 扩增显示所有受检患者的生殖分枝杆菌、人分枝杆菌和发酵分枝杆菌均​​未出现阳性结果。引人注目的是，脲原体属。在 30% (15/50) 的 PCa 患者中检测到。核苷酸测序进一步证实了所鉴定的解脲支原体种类，其分布如下：仅感染微小脲原体7例，仅感染解脲支原体5例，同时感染3例。两种解脲支原体与 PCa 病例的关联被证明具有统计学显着性 (P< 0.05)，并且被发现是一个危险因素。值得注意的是，解脲支原体。主要发现于 60 岁及以上前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA) 水平 > 4 ng/ml 和侵袭性恶性前列腺肿瘤（格里森评分 8-10）的患者中。 结论 这项研究揭示了解脲支原体属的显着关联。 PCa 认为他们可能参与这种情况。然而，这一发现虽然有统计数据支持，但仍值得进行更大规模的彻底调查。