As Information and Communication Technology (ICT) literacy education has recently shifted to fostering computing thinking ability as well as ICT use, many countries are conducting research on national curriculum and evaluation. In this study, we measured Korean students’ ICT literacy levels by using the national measurement tool that assesses abilities of the IT (Information Technology) area and the CT (Computational Thinking) area. A research team revised an existing ICT literacy assessment tool for the IT test and developed a new CT test environment in which students could perform actual coding through a web-based programming tool such as Scratch. Additionally, after assessing ICT literacy levels, differences in ICT literacy levels by gender and grade were analyzed to provide evidence for national education policies. Approximately 23,000 elementary and middle school students participated in the 2018 national assessment of ICT literacy, accounting for 1% of the national population of students. The findings demonstrated that female students had higher literacy levels in most sub-factors of IT and CT areas. Additionally, in the areas of strengths and weaknesses, the ratio of below-basic achievement among male students was at least two times greater than that of female students. Nonetheless, male students scored higher on CT automation, a coding item that involved problem solving using Scratch. Looking at the difference according to grade level, the level improved as the school year increased in elementary school, but there was no difference in middle school. When analyzing the detailed elements of middle school students, the automation factor of seventh grade students was found to be higher than eighth and ninth grade students. Based on these results, this study discussed some implications for ICT and computing education in elementary and middle schools.

中文翻译：

---

将计算思维扩展到信息和通信技术素养测量

随着信息和通信技术（ICT）扫盲教育最近转向培养计算思维能力和ICT使用，许多国家正在开展国家课程和评估研究。在这项研究中，我们使用评估 IT（信息技术）领域和 CT（计算思维）领域能力的国家测量工具来测量韩国学生的 ICT 素养水平。一个研究小组为 IT 测试修改了现有的 ICT 素养评估工具，并开发了一个新的 CT 测试环境，学生可以在其中通过 Scratch 等基于 Web 的编程工具进行实际编码。此外，在评估 ICT 素养水平后，分析了按性别和年级划分的 ICT 素养水平差异，为国家教育政策提供证据。大约 23 岁，000名中小学生参加了2018年全国ICT素养测评，占全国学生总数的1%。研究结果表明，女性学生在 IT 和 CT 领域的大多数子因素中具有较高的识字水平。此外，在优势和劣势方面，男学生低于基本水平的比例至少是女学生的两倍。尽管如此，男学生在 CT 自动化方面得分较高，这是一项涉及使用 Scratch 解决问题的编码项目。从年级的差异来看，小学随着学年的增加水平有所提高，但中学没有差异。在分析中学生的细节元素时，发现七年级学生的自动化系数高于八年级和九年级学生。基于这些结果，本研究讨论了对中小学 ICT 和计算机教育的一些影响。