Although most predators usually avoid human activity, some individuals instead will habituate to it. Habituation to human presence and infrastructure by predator species such as wolves may lead to conflicts implicating serious risks for public safety and for the survival of the animals involved. Accordingly, this research project aims to shed light on the relationship between wolves and recreational structures using telemetry data from 10 wolves located in the Parc National du Mont-Tremblant (Québec, Canada) and its surrounding area. Using resource selection functions (RSFs), we observed wolf habitat selection in relation to these structures during three biological periods (denning: May–June; rendezvous: June–October; and nomadic: October–April). Our results revealed that wolves selected proximity to linear structures (roads and trails) during the denning and rendezvous periods, but this selection depended on the density of such structures in the surroundings (i.e., functional response in habitat selection): wolves selected proximity to linear structures when these structures were present at greater densities. Wolves avoided housing structures (campsites, cabins, park facilities), especially when these structures were present at greater densities, suggesting that wolves perceived them as a risk. These results suggest that conflicts between visitors and wolves were unlikely to occur in campgrounds during the time of our study. This could indicate that the management measures implemented by the park following the past episodes of conflict were effective. However, wolves’ use of linear structures could lead to increased tolerance to human proximity if left unmanaged.

中文翻译：

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与国家公园游乐设施相关的狼栖息地选择

尽管大多数掠食者通常都会避免人类活动，但有些人会习惯于人类活动。捕食性物种（例如狼）对人类的生存和基础设施的居住可能导致冲突，对公共安全和所涉动物的生存造成严重威胁。因此，该研究项目旨在利用位于蒙特魁北克国家公园（加拿大魁北克）及其周围地区的10头狼的遥测数据，揭示狼与休闲结构之间的关系。使用资源选择功能（RSF），我们在三个生物学时期（丹宁：5月至6月；集合点：6月至10月；游牧：10月至4月）观察了与这些结构有关的狼栖息地选择。我们的研究结果表明，狼在密集和会合期间选择接近线性结构（道路和步道），但这种选择取决于周围环境中此类结构的密度（即栖息地选择中的功能响应）：当这些结构以更高的密度存在时。狼避免使用房屋结构（露营地，小木屋，公园设施），尤其是当这些结构以更高的密度存在时，这表明狼认为它们是一种危险。这些结果表明，在我们研究期间，游客和狼之间的冲突不太可能在露营地发生。这可能表明，在过去的冲突之后，公园实施的管理措施是有效的。然而，