To successfully reduce overall invasive plant cover over time, an effective treatment plan must be established such that mortality exceeds new colonization and resprouting growth rates. However, few evaluations of the effects of long-term, consistent treatment at different intervals exist. We report the effects of treatment intensity on Old World climbing fern [Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br.], Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi), and punktree [Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. F. Blake] as part of a large restoration project that has been underway for 6 yr in Telegraph Swamp at Babcock Ranch Preserve, a 27,520-hectare (68,000-acre) conservation area in Florida, USA. We found that at the end of the 6-yr period, for all three species, average live cover did not exceed 5% across all transects. In addition, dead foliar cover was higher than live cover for all three invasive plants, indicating progress toward restoration goals. We also found that percent live cover of L. microphyllum was significantly reduced only after four or more treatments were applied during the 6-yr period, as opposed to when three or fewer treatments were applied. Reductions in percent cover of live foliage were apparent only when the treatments were applied more often than biennially, as opposed to less often than biennially. Additionally, we found higher L. microphyllum cover in clear-cut and replanted cypress stands than in natural stands. Based on these findings, we conclude that treatments applied four or more times, or more often than biennially, were more effective at significantly reducing advanced invasions of L. microphyllum, S. terebinthifolia, and M. quinquenervia, especially where previous management activities or their effects may have increased the cover of invasive plants.

中文翻译：

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治疗和管理历史对旧世界攀缘蕨 (Lygodium microphyllum)、巴西胡椒 (Schinus terebinthifolia) 和朋克树 (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 防治的影响

为了随着时间的推移成功地减少整体入侵植物的覆盖率，必须制定有效的治疗计划，以使死亡率超过新的定植和再发芽的生长率。然而，很少有关于不同间隔的长期、一致治疗效果的评估。我们报告了治疗强度对旧大陆攀缘蕨类植物的影响 [小叶海棠(Cav.) R. Br.], 巴西胡椒 (石竹Raddi) 和 punktree [白千层(Cav.) SF Blake] 作为大型修复项目的一部分，该项目已在美国佛罗里达州 Babcock Ranch Preserve 的 Telegraph Swamp 进行了 6 年，该保护区是一个 27,520 公顷（68,000 英亩）的保护区。我们发现，在 6 年期末，对于所有三个物种，所有样带的平均活体覆盖率均不超过 5%。此外，所有三种入侵植物的死叶覆盖都高于活覆盖，表明恢复目标取得了进展。我们还发现L. microphyllum仅在 6 年期间应用 4 次或更多处理后，与应用 3 次或更少处理时相比，显着降低。只有当处理的应用频率高于每两年一次时，活叶覆盖率的减少才明显，而不是每两年一次。此外，我们发现更高L. microphyllum砍伐后重新种植的柏树林比自然林更能覆盖。基于这些发现，我们得出结论，治疗应用四次或更多次，或者比每两年一次更频繁，在显着减少晚期入侵L. microphyllum,S. terebinthifolia， 和M. quinquenervia，尤其是以前的管理活动或其影响可能增加了入侵植物的覆盖率。