The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic diversity of Campylobacter isolates that were obtained from whole chicken production stages in Korea. A total of 1348 samples were collected from 10 production lines. The prevalence of Campylobacter in breeder farm, broiler farm, slaughterhouse, and retail meat products was 50.0%, 3.3%, 13.4%, and 68.4%, respectively, and Campylobacter was not detected at the hatchery stage. Resistance to quinolones/fluoroquinolones was the most prevalent at all stages. Among the multidrug-resistant isolates, 16 isolates (19.8%) from breeder farm were resistant to both azithromycin and ciprofloxacin. A total of 182 isolates were subdivided into 82 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotypes with 100% similarity. Diverse genotypes were presented with discontinuous patterns along the whole production chain. Thirty percent of Campylobacter-free flocks became positive after slaughtering. An identical genotype was simultaneously detected from both breeder farm and retail meat, even from different production lines. This study reveals that antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter contamination can occur at all stages of the chicken supply chain. In particular, the breeder farm and slaughterhouse should be the main control points, as they are the potential stages at which antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter could spread to retail meat products by horizontal transmission.

中文翻译：

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肉鸡综合操作中耐药弯曲杆菌分离株分布的纵向研究


本研究的目的是分析从韩国整个鸡肉生产阶段获得的弯曲杆菌分离株的流行率、抗菌素耐药性和遗传多样性。 10条生产线共采集样品1348个。种鸡场、肉鸡场、屠宰场和零售肉制品中弯曲杆菌检出率分别为50.0%、3.3%、13.4%和68.4%，孵化阶段未检出弯曲杆菌。对喹诺酮类/氟喹诺酮类药物的耐药性在所有阶段都是最普遍的。多重耐药菌株中，种猪场分离株16株（19.8%）对阿奇霉素和环丙沙星均耐药。总共 182 个分离株被细分为 82 个脉冲场凝胶电泳 (PFGE) 基因型，相似度为 100%。在整个生产链中，不同的基因型呈现出不连续的模式。百分之三十的无弯曲杆菌的鸡群在屠宰后呈阳性。从种鸡场和零售肉类，甚至不同的生产线，同时检测到相同的基因型。这项研究表明，鸡肉供应链的各个阶段都可能发生耐药弯曲杆菌污染。特别是，种鸡场和屠宰场应该是主要控制点，因为它们是耐药弯曲杆菌通过水平传播传播到零售肉制品的潜在阶段。