Combining insights from research on firm-level stakeholders with the well-established micro literature on social categorization, we develop and test a theory regarding the relative survivorship of female-owned and male-owned businesses. The theory is based on proportional representation within geographic areas, defined as each area's female-owned proprietorship count divided by its total proprietorship count. Analyzing survivorship of over one million proprietorships, we find a robust positive relationship between proportional representation and survival. We then examine effects of local stakeholders such as banks, customers, and network opportunities, in combination with proportional representation. Our research suggests that the effects of female proportional representation are more pervasive than previously considered, influenced by communities of business stakeholders, and, in some cases, leveling the playing field for female entrepreneurs.

中文翻译：

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女性小企业生存的地理：考察比例代表制和利益相关者的作用

将公司层面利益相关者研究的见解与关于社会分类的成熟微观文献相结合，我们开发并测试了关于女性拥有和男性拥有的企业的相对生存率的理论。该理论基于地理区域内的比例代表制，定义为每个区域的女性拥有的所有权数量除以其总所有权数量。分析超过 100 万家企业的幸存情况，我们发现比例代表制与存活率之间存在稳健的正相关关系。然后，结合比例代表制，我们研究了当地利益相关者（如银行、客户和网络机会）的影响。我们的研究表明，女性比例代表制的影响比以前认为的更普遍，