Native Americans experience disproportionate referrals to law enforcement and arrests in public schools in Montana. The study uses U.S. Office of Civil Rights data reported at the school level (n = 822) for the 2015–2016 school year, which is aggregated by race and gender. All students in schools with school resource officers (SROs) and/or security guards (SGs) present have higher total numbers and rates of referrals and arrests. Native American female students are twice as likely to be referred to law enforcement (p < .001) and 2.5 times more likely to be arrested when SROs and/or SGs are present at the school (p < .05). Native American male students are 2.2 times more likely to be referred to law enforcement (p < .001) and 1.7 times more likely to be arrested when SROs and/or SGs are present at the school (p < .001). Native American mean rates of referrals and arrest are higher in urban and reservation contexts (p < .05). Native American student disparities in referrals and arrests mirror disproportionate percentage of Native American female and male adults incarcerated in Montana. Native American students are more likely to experience the school-to-prison pipeline unless SROs and SGs are removed from Montana schools.

美国原住民在蒙大拿州的执法和转学经历不成比例。该研究使用了美国民权办公室在2015-2016学年在学校级别（n = 822）报告的数据，该数据按种族和性别进行汇总。在校的所有在校学生都有学校资源官员（SRO）和/或保安员（SGs）的学生，其转介和逮捕的总数和比率更高。当学校里有SRO和/或SG时，美国原住民女学生被执法的可能性是前者的两倍（p <.001），被逮捕的可能性是2.5倍（p <.05）。美国原住民男学生被执法的可能性高2.2倍（p<.001），并且在学校有SRO和/或SG时被逮捕的可能性高1.7倍（p <.001）。在城市和保留地情况下，美洲原住民的平均推荐率和逮捕率较高（p <.05）。美国原住民学生在推荐和逮捕方面的差异反映了蒙大纳州被监禁的美国原住民成年女性和成年男性所占比例不成比例。除非将SRO和SG从蒙大拿州的学校中删除，否则美国原住民的学生更有可能体验从学校到监狱的流程。