This article is part of the Top 10 Unanswered Questions in MPMI invited review series.

Plants recognize the presence or invasion of microbes through cell surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs). Although PRRs and NLRs are activated by ligands located in different subcellular compartments through distinct mechanisms, signals initiated from PRRs and NLRs converge into several common signaling pathways with different dynamics. Increasing evidence suggests that PRR- and NLR-mediated signaling extensively crosstalk and such interaction can greatly influence immune response outcomes. Sophisticated experimental setups enabled dissection of the signaling events downstream of PRRs and NLRs with fine temporal and spatial resolution; however, the molecular links underlying the observed interactions in PRR and NLR signaling remain to be elucidated. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge about activation and signaling mediated by PRRs and NLRs, deconvolute the intimate association between PRR- and NLR-mediated signaling, and propose hypotheses to guide further research on key topics.

Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

本文是MPMI邀请的审阅系列中前10个未解答的问题的一部分。

植物通过细胞表面定位的模式识别受体（PRR）和细胞内核苷酸结合域富含亮氨酸的重复受体（NLR）识别微生物的存在或入侵。尽管PRR和NLR通过不同的机制被位于不同亚细胞区室的配体激活，但从PRR和NLR引发的信号会汇聚成具有不同动力学的几种常见信号通路。越来越多的证据表明，PRR和NLR介导的信号广泛串扰，并且这种相互作用可以极大地影响免疫反应的结果。先进的实验设置可对PRR和NLR下游的信号事件进行解剖，并具有良好的时间和空间分辨率；然而，在PRR和NLR信号转导中观察到的相互作用背后的分子联系仍有待阐明。

版权所有©2021作者。这是根据CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International许可分发的开放获取文章。