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Warning Apps for Road Safety: A Technological and Economical Perspective for Autonomous Driving – The Warning Task in the Transition from Human Driver to Automated Driving
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 , DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2020.1860545
Johanna Trager 1 , Lenka Kalová 1 , Raphaela Pagany 1, 2 , Wolfgang Dorner 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

In the last decade, mobile warning apps and security services for drivers were developed, driven by the evolving market for smartphone-based applications. Now, in times of emerging autonomous vehicles, the value of warning detection in form of warning apps for road transport needs to be reappraised. In our study, we address the following questions: Does this kind of application have a technological and economical perspective for future mobility? How will the interaction between drivers, information systems (smartphone or onboard computer), and driving systems change? In this article, we bring together the aspects to consider in terms of technology development and business modeling amidst a changing human-computer interaction (HCI) toward autonomous driving. We provide a comprehensive picture of how technology-driven applications, such as warning detection apps, could develop their economic and technological impact within the transition of individual transport. By classifying the warning apps available in German-speaking regions it became apparent that apps exist for diverse areas of risk. Some of them are currently under development, others are already in use, but still with minor operational deficits. We found out that till today, the majority of warning services provides either an interim solution with a standalone mobile app, or a first test stage approach for prospective mobility solutions, only working on the basis of a car-to-car or car-to-pedestrian communication. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of warning apps was exemplarily proven by a survey about the Wildwarner, an app for wildlife-vehicle collision warnings. Looking ahead, warning-service-usage scenarios (1) without driving assistance, (2) with driving assistance and (3) fully autonomous driving are gone through, showing the still important but altered interactions between humans, warning information systems, and automated driving systems. From an economical perspective, already existing business models for warning services are identified and evaluated according to whether they could be transferred to business models for future mobility under changing ways of user interaction. The analysis of existing established warning apps indicates that more integrated approaches combining different warning types and delivering them as services either for autonomous vehicle navigation or human drivers ought to be supported for increasing road safety.



中文翻译:

道路安全预警应用程序:无人驾驶的技术和经济视角–从人类驾驶员向自动驾驶过渡的预警任务

摘要

在过去的十年中,在基于智能手机的应用程序不断发展的市场推动下,开发了针对驾驶员的移动警告应用程序和安全服务。现在,在自动驾驶汽车兴起的时代,需要重新评估以公路运输警告应用程序形式提供警告的价值。在我们的研究中,我们解决了以下问题:这种应用程序是否具有未来移动性的技术和经济角度?驾驶员,信息系统(智能电话或车载计算机)和行驶系统之间的交互作用将如何改变?在本文中,我们将在不断变化的人机交互(HCI)向自动驾驶过渡的过程中,结合技术开发和业务建模方面的考虑因素。我们全面介绍了技术驱动的应用程序如何,例如警告检测应用程序,可以在个人运输的过渡过程中发展其经济和技术影响。通过对德语区中可用的警告应用程序进行分类,很明显,存在针对各种风险领域的应用程序。其中一些目前正在开发中,其他一些已经在使用中,但仍存在少量运营缺陷。我们发现,直到今天,大多数警告服务仅提供基于车对车或车对车的临时性解决方案或独立移动应用程序,或针对潜在移动性解决方案的第一个测试阶段方法行人沟通。尽管如此,有关野生动物与车辆碰撞警告的应用程序Wildwarner的一项调查示例性地证明了警告应用程序的有效性。展望未来,警告服务使用场景(1)没有驾驶辅助,(2)有驾驶辅助,以及(3)全自动驾驶,显示了人,警告信息系统和自动驾驶系统之间仍然重要但已改变的交互。从经济角度来看,根据是否可以在不断变化的用户交互方式下将其转移到业务模型中以用于将来的移动性,来标识和评估已经存在的预警服务业务模型。对现有已建立的警告应用程序的分析表明,应该支持更多的集成方法,将不同的警告类型结合起来,并将其作为服务提供给自动驾驶导航或驾驶员,以提高道路安全性。(2)在驾驶辅助下和(3)进行了完全自动驾驶,这表明人,警告信息系统和自动驾驶系统之间仍然很重要但发生了变化的交互。从经济角度来看,根据是否可以在不断变化的用户交互方式下将其转移到业务模型中以用于将来的移动性,来标识和评估已经存在的预警服务业务模型。对现有已建立的警告应用程序的分析表明,应该支持更多的集成方法,将不同的警告类型结合起来,并将其作为服务提供给自动驾驶导航或驾驶员,以提高道路安全性。(2)在驾驶辅助下和(3)进行了完全自动驾驶,这表明人,警告信息系统和自动驾驶系统之间仍然很重要但发生了变化的交互。从经济角度来看,根据是否可以在不断变化的用户交互方式下将其转移到业务模型中以用于将来的移动性,来标识和评估已经存在的预警服务业务模型。对现有已建立的警告应用程序的分析表明,应该支持更多的集成方法,将不同的警告类型结合起来,并将其作为服务提供给自动驾驶导航或驾驶员,以提高道路安全性。和自动驾驶系统。从经济角度来看,根据是否可以在不断变化的用户交互方式下将其转移到业务模型中以用于将来的移动性,来标识和评估已经存在的预警服务业务模型。对现有已建立的警告应用程序的分析表明,应该支持更多的集成方法,将不同的警告类型结合起来,并将其作为服务提供给自动驾驶导航或驾驶员,以提高道路安全性。和自动驾驶系统。从经济角度来看,根据是否可以在不断变化的用户交互方式下将其转移到业务模型中以用于将来的移动性,来标识和评估已经存在的预警服务业务模型。对现有已建立的警告应用程序的分析表明,应该支持更多的集成方法,将不同的警告类型结合起来,并将其作为服务提供给自动驾驶导航或驾驶员,以提高道路安全性。

更新日期:2021-01-31
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