Abstract

The Five-Point Test (5PT) is a neuropsychological tool for examining design or figural fluency. In this study, we aimed to provide normative data for the 5PT in Spain. Also, we aimed to compare the norms collected in our research with other normative studies from other populations to evaluate a potential cross-cultural application of 5PT. One hundred and ninety-two healthy subjects aged were enrolled. The mean age was 68.48 ± 9.68 years old (range 50–89), and mean years of education were 10.65 ± 5.22. There were 117 (60.9%) women. The overlapping interval strategy was used to maximize the sample size. Age- and education-adjusted scores were estimated using linear regression analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to calculate agreement with norms from other countries. Age and years of formal education showed moderate correlations with the scores, while the influence of sex was non-significant. Intraclass correlation coefficient (absolute agreement) between Spanish and German norms was 0.956 (95% confidence interval 0.906–0.978). Norms for unique designs at 1, 2, and 3 minutes are provided. Our study confirms the influence of age and education on design fluency and provides normative data for people older than 50 years old. We hypothesize that 5PT might be a useful test in cross-cultural settings.

摘要

五点测试 (5PT) 是一种用于检查设计或图形流畅性的神经心理学工具。在这项研究中，我们旨在为西班牙的 5PT 提供规范数据。此外，我们旨在将我们研究中收集的规范与来自其他人群的其他规范研究进行比较，以评估 5PT 的潜在跨文化应用。招募了192名年龄健康的受试者。平均年龄为 68.48 ± 9.68 岁（范围 50-89），平均受教育年限为 10.65 ± 5.22。有 117 名 (60.9%) 女性。重叠间隔策略用于最大化样本量。使用线性回归分析估计年龄和教育调整分数。组内相关系数用于计算与其他国家规范的一致性。年龄和正规教育年限与分数呈中度相关性，而性别的影响不显着。西班牙和德国规范之间的组内相关系数（绝对一致）为 0.956（95% 置信区间 0.906-0.978）。提供了 1、2 和 3 分钟的独特设计规范。我们的研究证实了年龄和教育对设计流畅性的影响，并为 50 岁以上的人提供了规范数据。我们假设 5PT 在跨文化环境中可能是一个有用的测试。我们的研究证实了年龄和教育对设计流畅性的影响，并为 50 岁以上的人提供了规范数据。我们假设 5PT 在跨文化环境中可能是一个有用的测试。我们的研究证实了年龄和教育对设计流畅性的影响，并为 50 岁以上的人提供了规范数据。我们假设 5PT 在跨文化环境中可能是一个有用的测试。