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A complete inventory of North American butterfly occurrence data: narrowing data gaps, but increasing bias
Ecography ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 , DOI: 10.1111/ecog.05396
Vaughn Shirey 1 , Michael W. Belitz 2 , Vijay Barve 2 , Robert Guralnick 2
Affiliation  

Aggregate biodiversity data from museum specimens and community observations have promise for macroscale ecological analyses. Despite this, many groups are under‐sampled, and sampling is not homogeneous across space. Here we used butterflies, the best documented group of insects, to examine inventory completeness across North America. We separated digitally accessible butterfly records into those from natural history collections and burgeoning community science observations to determine if these data sources have differential spatio‐taxonomic biases. When we combined all data, we found startling under‐sampling in regions with the most dramatic trajectories of climate change and across biomes. We also used multiple methods with each supporting the hypothesis that community science observations are filling more gaps in sampling but are more biased towards areas with the highest human footprint. Finally, we found that both types of occurrences have familial‐level taxonomic completeness biases, in contrast to the hypothesis of less taxonomic bias in natural history collections data. These results suggest that higher inventory completeness, driven by rapid growth of community science observations, is partially offset by higher spatio‐taxonomic biases. We use the findings here to provide recommendations on how to alleviate some of these gaps in the context of prioritizing global change research.

中文翻译:

北美蝴蝶发生数据的完整清单:缩小数据差距,但增加偏见

来自博物馆标本和社区观察的综合生物多样性数据有望用于宏观生态分析。尽管如此,许多组仍未充分采样,并且整个空间的采样也不均匀。在这里,我们使用蝴蝶(有据可查的最佳昆虫组)来检查整个北美地区的存货完整性。我们将数字可访问的蝴蝶记录分成自然历史记录和新兴的社区科学观察中的记录,以确定这些数据源是否具有不同的时空分类学偏差。当我们合并所有数据时,我们发现在气候变化轨迹最为明显的地区以及整个生物群落中,采样率令人吃惊。我们还使用了多种方法,每种方法都支持以下假设:社区科学观察填补了采样中的更多空白,但更偏向于人类足迹最大的地区。最后,我们发现两种类型的事件都具有家族级别的分类学完整性偏差,这与自然历史记录数据中较少的分类学偏差的假设相反。这些结果表明,在社区科学观察的快速增长的推动下,较高的清单完整性被较高的时空分类偏差所抵消。我们在这里使用调查结果为如何在优先考虑全球变化研究的背景下减少这些差距提供建议。与自然历史记录数据中的分类学偏见较少的假设相反。这些结果表明,在社区科学观察的快速增长的推动下,较高的清单完整性被较高的时空分类偏差所抵消。我们在这里使用调查结果为如何在优先考虑全球变化研究的背景下减少这些差距提供建议。与自然历史记录数据中的分类学偏见较少的假设相反。这些结果表明,在社区科学观察的快速增长的推动下,较高的清单完整性被较高的时空分类偏差所抵消。我们在这里使用调查结果为如何在优先考虑全球变化研究的背景下减少这些差距提供建议。
更新日期:2021-01-20
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