The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) family contains 17 members in humans, sharing a PARP domain to transfer ADP-ribose groups to target proteins to trigger ADP-ribosylation. The roles of PARPs have evolved from DNA damage repair to diverse biological processes, such as gene transcription, cellular stress response, etc. Recently, seminal studies have demonstrated the critical roles of PAPRs in antiviral innate immunity. PARPs catalyze ADP-ribosylation, a fundamental post-translational modification, using NAD⁺ as a substrate. ADP-ribosylation can occur either as mono- or poly-(ADP-ribosyl)ation, which is initially linked to DNA damage repair, as exemplified by PARP1. Recent advances in host antiviral immunity demonstrated that several PARPs, such as PARP9, 11, 12, 13, 14, etc., have broad-spectrum antiviral activities that are independent of their ADP-ribosylation.

聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶 (PARPs) 家族包含人类的 17 个成员，共享一个 PARP 域以将 ADP-核糖基团转移到目标蛋白质以触发 ADP-核糖基化。PARPs 的作用已经从 DNA 损伤修复演变为多种生物过程，如基因转录、细胞应激反应等。 最近，开创性研究证明了 PAPRs 在抗病毒先天免疫中的关键作用。PARP 使用 NAD ⁺催化 ADP-核糖基化，这是一种基本的翻译后修饰作为基材。ADP-核糖基化可以作为单-或多-（ADP-核糖基）化发生，最初与 DNA 损伤修复相关，如 PARP1 所示。宿主抗病毒免疫的最新进展表明，几种 PARP，如 PARP9、11、12、13、14 等，具有广谱抗病毒活性，且不依赖于它们的 ADP 核糖基化。