When 2D materials are supported by substrates, matter trapped at the interface can coalesce to form nano- and microscale bubbles. These bubbles often negatively impact the performance of 2D material devices as they impede charge/photon/phonon transport across the interface. The difficulties created by these bubbles spurred research to understand how they form, whether their formation can be controlled, and what kind of matter is trapped inside them. These 2D material bubbles have since been exploited for novel chemistry and physics because of their ability to pressurize the trapped matter and strain the confining 2D material. The fabrication, characterization, and applications of 2D material bubbles are summarized in this review.

当2D材料由基板支撑时，界面处捕获的物质会聚结形成纳米级和微米级气泡。这些气泡通常会阻碍2D材料设备的性能，因为它们会阻止电荷/光子/声子在界面上的传输。这些气泡造成的困难促使人们进行研究，以了解它们的形成方式，是否可以控制它们的形成以及其中夹杂了哪种物质。由于这些2D气泡能够加压捕获的物质并使紧贴的2D材料变形，因此已被用于新型化学和物理领域。这篇综述总结了2D气泡的制造，表征和应用。