In the open metabolic system, redox-related signaling requires continuous monitoring and fine-tuning of the steady-state redox set point. The ongoing oxidative metabolism is a persistent challenge, denoted as oxidative eustress, which operates within a physiological range that has been called the ‘Homeodynamic Space’, the ‘Goldilocks Zone’ or the ‘Golden Mean’. Spatiotemporal control of redox signaling is achieved by compartmentalized generation and removal of oxidants. The cellular landscape of HO, the major redox signaling molecule, is characterized by orders-of-magnitude concentration differences between organelles. This concentration pattern is mirrored by the pattern of oxidatively modified proteins, exemplified by S-glutathionylated proteins. The review presents the conceptual background for short-term (non-transcriptional) and longer-term (transcriptional/translational) homeostatic mechanisms of stress and stress responses. The redox set point is a variable moving target value, modulated by circadian rhythm and by external influence, summarily denoted as exposome, which includes nutrition and lifestyle factors. Emerging fields of cell-specific and tissue-specific redox regulation in physiological settings are briefly presented, including new insight into the role of oxidative eustress in embryonal development and lifespan, skeletal muscle and exercise, sleep-wake rhythm, and the function of the nervous system with aspects leading to psychobiology.

中文翻译：

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氧化良性应激：对氧化还原稳态保持持续警惕

在开放代谢系统中，氧化还原相关信号传导需要持续监测和微调稳态氧化还原设定点。持续的氧化代谢是一个持续的挑战，被称为氧化良应激，它在被称为“顺势空间”、“金发姑娘区”或“中庸之道”的生理范围内运作。氧化还原信号的时空控制是通过划分氧化剂的产生和去除来实现的。 H2O（主要的氧化还原信号分子）的细胞景观的特点是细胞器之间存在数量级的浓度差异。这种浓度模式反映在氧化修饰蛋白质的模式上，例如 S-谷胱甘肽化蛋白质。该综述介绍了应激和应激反应的短期（非转录）和长期（转录/翻译）稳态机制的概念背景。氧化还原设定点是一个可变的移动目标值，受昼夜节律和外部影响调节，统称为暴露组，其中包括营养和生活方式因素。简要介绍了生理环境中细胞特异性和组织特异性氧化还原调节的新兴领域，包括对氧化良应激在胚胎发育和寿命、骨骼肌和运动、睡眠-觉醒节律以及神经功能中的作用的新见解。具有通向心理生物学各个方面的系统。