The need for energy storage technologies that meet the demands for safety, sustainability, and high energy density has spurred increased interests in rechargeable Mg batteries. However, verification of their potential remains hampered by the absence of practical components. Recently, an unconventional research direction that deviates from the mainstream path has emerged and is redefining the boundaries of what can be accomplished in Mg batteries. Herein, we analyze this direction with a focus on fundamental phenomena with an aim to reveal new opportunities that can overcome long-standing challenges and unveil unaddressed issues. The topics covered encompass: (1) realizing efficient single salt Mg electrolytes that mimic those used in typical Li- and Na-ion batteries, (2) discovery of important concomitant mechanisms and previously unanticipated interfacial phenomena, and (3) identification of often overlooked bottlenecks in Mg cathodes and alternative anodes. In closing, we put forward our proposal for R&D focuses to help realize practical Mg batteries.

对满足安全性，可持续性和高能量密度要求的储能技术的需求，激发了人们对可充电镁电池的兴趣。但是，由于缺乏实用的组件，对其潜力的验证仍然受到阻碍。最近，出现了一种偏离主流道路的非常规研究方向，并重新定义了镁电池可以完成的工作的界限。在此，我们将重点放在基本现象上来分析这个方向，目的是揭示可以克服长期挑战并揭示未解决问题的新机会。涵盖的主题包括：（1）实现有效的单盐Mg电解质，该电解质可模仿典型的Li和Na离子电池中使用的电解质，（2）发现重要的伴随机理和以前未曾预料到的界面现象，以及（3）确定镁阴极和替代阳极中经常被忽略的瓶颈。最后，我们提出了研发重点的建议，以帮助实现实用的镁电池。