As a form of wheel tread failure, a wheel flat becomes increasingly severe in a large axle-load heavy-haul locomotive due to emergency braking or skidding idling. The presence of a wheel flat will cause additional impact forces at the wheel-rail interface which is likely to cause a more rapid fatigue failure of locomotive and infrastructure components. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the dynamics effect of the wheel flat on the railway vehicle system so as to allow efficient monitoring and maintenance. In this paper, a co-simulation model which combines the electrical drive subsystem with a locomotive-track coupled dynamics model considering the complete mechanical transmission subsystem has been presented to analyze the dynamic responses of the locomotive under the effect of wheel flats of different sizes. The results show that the existence of a wheel flat will exacerbate the wheel-rail impact and the vibrations of the components in the locomotive. In addition, the frequency associated with the wheel flat and the gear transmission can be extracted from the frequency spectrum of the current signals in a traction motor, which makes it possible to identify the existence of wheel flats or other rotary component defects in time through analysis of the electrical signals without installing extra sensors.

作为车轮胎面故障的一种形式，在大型轴载重载机车中，由于紧急制动或打滑空转，车轮扁平变得越来越严重。轮辋的存在会在轮轨界面上产生额外的冲击力，这可能会导致机车和基础设施组件出现更快的疲劳破坏。因此，有必要确定轮辋对铁路车辆系统的动力学影响，以便进行有效的监视和维护。本文提出了一种综合仿真模型，该模型结合了完整的机械传动子系统，将电驱动子系统与机车-轨道耦合动力学模型相结合，以分析机车在不同尺寸的扁平轮胎作用下的动力响应。结果表明，轮毂的存在会加剧机车的轮轨撞击和零部件的振动。此外，可以从牵引电动机中电流信号的频谱中提取出与车轮平面和齿轮传动相关的频率，这使得可以通过分析及时确定车轮平面或其他旋转组件缺陷的存在。无需安装额外的传感器即可检测电信号。