The potato tuber moth (PTM) Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller, 1873) is a major pest of Solanaceae crops globally. PTM is mainly controlled using chemical pesticides. The objectives of this study were to compare the efficacy of two species of entomopathogenic nematode (EPNs), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976) and Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev, 1934) Wouts et al. (1982), against PTM pre-pupa and pupa, while also assessing their interaction in combination with abamectin in a series of laboratory and greenhouse assays. The results showed that S. feltiae was considerably more virulent than H. bacteriophora against both PTM life stages tested. PTM pupae were less susceptible to EPN than pre-pupae: LC50 values for pupae were 721 and 570 IJs/insect for H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae, respectively; corresponding values for pre-pupae were 98 and 6 IJs/insect, respectively. While both species of EPN were negatively affected by abamectin, the effect on H. bacteriophora was less pronounced. This present study shows that the extent to which the nematodes interact with chemical pesticides is dependent on a number of factors, including nematode species, concentration of combined agents, developmental stage of the targeted pest, exposure method and the complexity of the environment in which the interaction takes place. In the glasshouse study, for S. feltiae, synergistic effects were observed only in the combinations which included lower rates of abamectin and higher S. feltiae concentrations. In the case of H. bacteriophora, other than at the lower concentrations of both the insecticide and the nematode (where the interaction was additive), all other combinations were synergistic. That there were more synergistic interactions in the H. bacteriophora + insecticide combinations is most likely attributable to the lower susceptibility of H. bacteriophora to abamectin compared to S. feltiae. This study demonstrates that combined applications of chemical insecticides and entomopathogenic nematodes allow for a reduction of both inputs. For end users, reducing nematode and abamectin inputs make their combined use an extremely attractive proposition, in both economic terms and as a resistance management strategy.

马铃薯块茎蛾（PTM）马铃薯（Peller）（Seller，1873）是茄科植物的主要害虫，在全球范围内。PTM主要使用化学农药进行控制。这项研究的目的是比较两种病原性线虫（EPNs）的功效，即细菌性杂种细菌细菌性细菌（Poinar，1976年）和Steinernema feeliae（Filipjev，1934年）。（1982年），针对PTM前pre和，同时还通过一系列实验室和温室试验评估了它们与阿维菌素联合的相互作用。结果表明，在两个测试的PTM生命周期中，毡状链球菌比嗜细菌链球菌更具毒性。PTM than比前pre对EPN的敏感性低：LC50为蛹值分别为721个570 IJS /昆虫为H.嗜菌和S.氏线虫，分别; -的相应值分别为98和6 IJ /昆虫。尽管两种EPN都受到阿维菌素的不利影响，但对细菌嗜血杆菌的影响却不那么明显。本研究表明，线虫与化学农药的相互作用程度取决于许多因素，包括线虫的种类，结合剂的浓度，目标有害生物的发育阶段，接触方法以及所处环境的复杂性。互动发生。在温室研究中，对于S. feeliae，仅在组合中观察到协同作用，所述组合包括较低的阿维菌素发生率和较高的毡状链球菌浓度。就H. bacteriophora而言，除了在较低浓度的杀虫剂和线虫（相互作用是加和的）下，其他所有组合都是协同的。这有在多个协同相互作用嗜菌 +杀虫剂组合是最有可能归因于较低敏感性嗜菌对阿维菌素相比S.氏线虫。这项研究表明，化学杀虫剂和昆虫病原线虫的组合应用可以减少两种投入。对于最终用户而言，从经济角度和作为耐药性管理策略来看，减少线虫和阿维菌素的投入使它们的组合使用极具吸引力。