Soybean oil is one of the most important vegetable oils in world. Increasing oil content and improve its composition is an important aim of many soybean breeding programs. In this context, the objective of this study was to identify QTLs controlling oil and fatty acid contents in soybean seed in different locations. For this, we developed F₂-derived populations by crossing CS303TNKCA and FA22 lines, and analyzed oil and fatty acid content in four locations in Brazil. We evaluated the correlations of traits in each location and between locations and used 1536 SNPs to molecular characterize this population. QTLs associated with the average values of four environments were identified by using simple interval mapping. A linkage map was generated using 534 SNP markers, and 25 linkage groups were formed. A total of 20 QTLs controlling oil, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic contents were found, varying from one (linolenic content) to six (palmitic content), and explaining from 7.02% (qSte-13) to 70.37% (qLin-14) of phenotypic variation. We could not associate eight QTLs (qPal-02, qOle-02, qLol-02, qOle-04, qLol-04, qPal-13.2, qSte-15 and qSte-17) with reported QTLs and genes, so these could be set as new QTLs controlling fatty acid composition. The results found in the present work can help understand the genetic basis of these traits and help breeders to modify oil content and composition in soybean seed, especially in tropical conditions.

大豆油是世界上最重要的植物油之一。增加含油量并改善其组成是许多大豆育种计划的重要目标。在此背景下，本研究的目的是确定控制不同位置大豆种子中油和脂肪酸含量的QTL。为此，我们开发了F ₂通过跨越CS303TNKCA和FA22品系得出的种群，并分析了巴西四个地方的油脂含量。我们评估了每个位置以及位置之间的性状相关性，并使用1536个SNP对该种群进行了分子表征。通过使用简单的间隔映射，可以确定与四个环境的平均值相关的QTL。使用534个SNP标记生成连锁图，并形成25个连锁组。总共发现了20个控制油，棕榈酸，硬脂酸，油酸，亚油酸和亚麻酸含量的QTL，从一个（亚麻酸含量）到六个（棕榈酸含量）不等，解释范围从7.02％（qSte - 13）到70.37％（qLin - 14）的表型变异。我们无法将八个QTL（qPal - 02，qOle - 02，qLol - 02，qOle - 04，qLol - 04，qPal - 13.2，qSte - 15和qSte - 17）与报告的QTL和基因相关联，因此可以将其设置作为控制脂肪酸组成的新QTL。当前工作中发现的结果可以帮助理解这些性状的遗传基础，并有助于育种者改变大豆种子中的油含量和组成，尤其是在热带条件下。