Introduction

 Cryptosporidiosis is an opportunistic globally distributed parasitic disease caused by protozoan Cryptosporidium where its development is closely related to the host’s immune status. New therapeutic agents are a high priority as chemotherapeutics are impractical and vaccines are unavailable for young as well as immune-compromised patients or animals. The current study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the internal white (albedo) and external yellow (flavedo) peels of Citrus maxima (C. maxima) as an alternative medicinal plant.

Materials and methods 

Parasitological examination for oocysts in the stool was determined. Histopathological alterations and immunohistochemical expression of APC and cyclin D1 as well as an assessment of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in ileal tissues was carried out. In addition, the biochemical examination of serum albumin, globulin and liver enzymes were evaluated. Results revealed a significant decrease of oocysts count correlated with an amelioration of histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in ileal tissue with an enhancement of liver enzymes and inflammatory cytokines levels.

Conclusion

 It could be concluded that treatment with C. maxima peel extracts have a potential therapeutic and an immunoregulatory efficacy against Cryptosporidiosis. Obtained results showed that the white peel was found to have more immunological effect that could significantly enhance inflammatory cytokines response towards normal status. Hence, it can be used in the daily animal diet to give protective effects against infection.

中文翻译：

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柑橘皮水提物对免疫功能低下小鼠隐孢子虫病的疗效

简介

 隐孢子虫病是由原生动物隐孢子虫引起的一种全球分布的机会性寄生虫病，其发展与宿主的免疫状态密切相关。由于化学疗法不切实际，而且疫苗无法用于年轻以及免疫功能低下的患者或动物，因此新的治疗剂是重中之重。目前的研究旨在评估柑橘( C. maxima )的内部白色 (albedo) 和外部黄色 (flavedo) 果皮作为替代药用植物的治疗效果。

材料和方法 

对粪便中的卵囊进行了寄生虫学检查。进行了 APC 和细胞周期蛋白 D1 的组织病理学改变和免疫组织化学表达，以及对回肠组织中干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）和白介素 1β（IL-1β）的评估。此外，还评估了血清白蛋白、球蛋白和肝酶的生化检查。结果显示，卵囊数量显着减少，与回肠组织中组织病理学和免疫组织化学变化的改善以及肝酶和炎性细胞因子水平的增强相关。

结论

 可以得出的结论是，用C. maxima果皮提取物治疗对隐孢子虫病具有潜在的治疗和免疫调节功效。获得的结果表明，发现白果皮具有更多的免疫作用，可以显着增强炎症细胞因子对正常状态的反应。因此，它可以用于日常动物饮食中以提供抗感染的保护作用。