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Hot Stars with Kepler Planets Have High Obliquities
The Astronomical Journal ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 , DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/abcebd
Emma M. Louden 1 , Joshua N. Winn 1 , Erik A. Petigura 2 , Howard Isaacson 3 , Andrew W. Howard 4 , Kento Masuda 5 , Simon Albrecht 6 , Molly R. Kosiarek 7
Affiliation  

It has been known for a decade that hot stars with hot Jupiters tend to have high obliquities. Less is known about the degree of spin-orbit alignment for hot stars with other kinds of planets. Here, we re-assess the obliquities of hot Kepler stars with transiting planets smaller than Neptune, based on spectroscopic measurements of their projected rotation velocities (vsini). The basis of the method is that a lower obliquity -- all other things being equal -- causes sini to be closer to unity and increases the value of vsini. We sought evidence for this effect using a sample of 150 Kepler stars with effective temperatures between 5950 and 6550K and a control sample of 101 stars with matching spectroscopic properties and random orientations. The planet hosts have systematically higher values of vsini than the control stars, but not by enough to be compatible with perfect spin-orbit alignment. The mean value of sini is 0.856 +/- 0.036, which is 4-sigma away from unity (perfect alignment), and 2-sigma away from pi/4 (random orientations). There is also evidence that the hottest stars have a broader obliquity distribution: when modeled separately, the stars cooler than 6250K have = 0.928 +/- 0.042, while the hotter stars are consistent with random orientations. This is similar to the pattern previously noted for stars with hot Jupiters. Based on these results, obliquity excitation for early-G and late-F stars appears to be a general outcome of star and planet formation, rather than being exclusively linked to hot Jupiter formation.

中文翻译:

带有开普勒行星的热恒星具有高倾角

十年来,人们都知道带有炽热木星的炽热恒星往往具有高倾角。关于热恒星与其他类型行星的自旋轨道对齐程度知之甚少。在这里,我们基于对投影旋转速度 (vsini) 的光谱测量,重新评估了具有比海王星小的凌日行星的热开普勒恒星的倾角。该方法的基础是较低的倾斜度——所有其他条件都相同——使正弦更接近统一并增加 vsini 的值。我们使用有效温度在 5950 到 6550K 之间的 150 颗开普勒恒星样本和具有匹配光谱特性和随机方向的 101 颗恒星的对照样本来寻找这种效应的证据。行星宿主的 vsini 值系统地高于控制恒星,但不足以与完美的自旋轨道对齐兼容。sini 的平均值为 0.856 +/- 0.036,与 1(完美对齐)相差 4-sigma,与 pi/4(随机方向)相差 2-sigma。还有证据表明,最热的恒星具有更广泛的倾角分布:当单独建模时,温度低于 6250K 的恒星具有 = 0.928 +/- 0.042,而较热的恒星与随机方向一致。这类似于先前记录的带有热木星的恒星的模式。基于这些结果,早期 G 和晚期 F 恒星的倾斜激发似乎是恒星和行星形成的一般结果,而不是与热木星的形成完全相关。和 2-sigma 远离 pi/4(随机方向)。还有证据表明,最热的恒星具有更广泛的倾角分布:当单独建模时,温度低于 6250K 的恒星具有 = 0.928 +/- 0.042,而较热的恒星与随机方向一致。这类似于先前记录的带有热木星的恒星的模式。基于这些结果,早期 G 和晚期 F 恒星的倾斜激发似乎是恒星和行星形成的一般结果,而不是与热木星的形成完全相关。和 2-sigma 远离 pi/4(随机方向)。还有证据表明,最热的恒星具有更广泛的倾角分布:当单独建模时,温度低于 6250K 的恒星具有 = 0.928 +/- 0.042,而较热的恒星与随机方向一致。这类似于先前记录的带有热木星的恒星的模式。基于这些结果,早期 G 和晚期 F 恒星的倾斜激发似乎是恒星和行星形成的一般结果,而不是与热木星的形成完全相关。这类似于先前记录的带有热木星的恒星的模式。基于这些结果,早期 G 和晚期 F 恒星的倾斜激发似乎是恒星和行星形成的一般结果,而不是与热木星的形成完全相关。这类似于先前记录的带有热木星的恒星的模式。基于这些结果,早期 G 和晚期 F 恒星的倾斜激发似乎是恒星和行星形成的一般结果,而不是与热木星的形成完全相关。
更新日期:2021-01-14
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