Dwarf bunt, which is caused by Tilletia controversa Kühn, is a soilborne and seedborne disease that occurs worldwide and can lead to 70% or even total losses of wheat crops. However, very little information is available about the histological changes that occur in dwarf bunt-resistant and dwarf bunt-susceptible wheat plants at the tillering stage (Z21). In this study, we used scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to characterize the histological changes at this stage in resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars infected by T. controversa. Using scanning electron microscopy, the root, stem, and leaf structures of resistant and susceptible cultivars were examined after T. controversa infection. The root epidermal and vascular bundles were more severely damaged in the susceptible T. controversa-infected plants than in the resistant plants. The stem cell and longitudinal sections were much more extensively affected in susceptible plants than in resistant plants after pathogen infection. However, slightly deformed mesophyll cells were observed in the leaves of susceptible plants. With transmission electron microscopy, we found that the cortical bundle cells and the cell contents and nuclei in the roots were more severely affected in the susceptible plants than in the resistant plants; in the stems and leaves, the nuclei, chloroplasts, and mesophyll cells changed significantly in the susceptible plants after fungal infection. Moreover, we found that infected susceptible and resistant plants were affected much more severely at the tillering stage (Z21) than at the seedling growth stage (Z13). Histological changes in the wheat roots, stems and leaves were much more severe in T. controversa-infected susceptible plants than in infected resistant plants at the tillering stage (Z21).

中文翻译：

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感染 Tilletia controversa Kühn 的抗性和易感小麦植株分蘖期 (Z21) 的组织学变化特征

矮矮短斑病是由 Tilletia controversa Kühn 引起的，是一种全球范围内发生的土壤传播和种子传播疾病，可导致小麦作物 70% 甚至全部损失。然而，关于在分蘖阶段 (Z21) 抗矮秆和易感小麦植株的组织学变化的信息非常少。在这项研究中，我们使用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜来表征受 T. controversa 感染的抗性和易感小麦品种在此阶段的组织学变化。在 T. controversa 感染后，使用扫描电子显微镜检查了抗性和易感品种的根、茎和叶结构。在易感的 T 中，根表皮和维管束受损更严重。被争议感染的植物比在抗性植物中。病原体感染后，易感植物的干细胞和纵向切片比抗性植物的干细胞和纵切面受到更广泛的影响。然而，在易感植物的叶子中观察到轻微变形的叶肉细胞。透射电镜观察发现，感病植物的皮层束细胞和根部细胞含量和细胞核受到的影响比抗病植物更严重；在茎和叶中，真菌感染后易感植物的细胞核、叶绿体和叶肉细胞发生显着变化。此外，我们发现受感染的易感和抗性植物在分蘖阶段（Z21）比在幼苗生长阶段（Z13）受到的影响要严重得多。