In this article, an array optimization method for maximizing beam collection efficiency (BCE) to an arbitrary receiving plane in the near field is proposed. The proposed method considers each element pattern in an array; thus, optimization with mutual coupling is possible by using active element patterns. Besides, the proposed method can consider the polarization direction of a receiving antenna since the optimization problem is calculated in vector form. The problem of maximization of BCE boils down to the generalized eigenvalue problem, and the best solution can be obtained mathematically. The results obtained via numerical analysis in various calculation models indicate the validity of the proposed method. Optimization is then performed using the active element patterns obtained from electromagnetic simulation. Based on the comparison of the results without considering mutual coupling in the optimization, it is confirmed that the proposed method yields better results, such as lower reflection and antenna losses and higher BCE and transmission efficiency, by using active element patterns.

中文翻译：

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阵列优化，可在近场条件下最大程度地提高任意接收平面的波束收集效率

本文提出了一种在近场中最大化对任意接收平面的波束收集效率（BCE）的阵列优化方法。所提出的方法考虑了阵列中的每个元素模式。因此，可以通过使用有源元件图案来进行相互耦合的优化。此外，由于优化问题是以矢量形式计算的，因此该方法可以考虑接收天线的极化方向。BCE最大化的问题归结为广义特征值问题，可以通过数学方法获得最佳解。通过各种计算模型中的数值分析获得的结果表明了该方法的有效性。然后使用从电磁仿真获得的有源元件图案进行优化。