Neuronal membranes contain exceptionally high concentrations of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), which are essential for neuronal development and function. Adult bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be induced to possess some neuronal characteristics. Here we examined the effects of neuronal induction on the PUFA metabolism specific pathways. Differentiated cells contained ~30% less ARA than MSC. The expression of specific ARA metabolizing enzymes was upregulated, notably that of prostaglandin E2 synthase which increased more than 15-fold, concomitantly with a 3-fold increase in the concentration of PGE2 in the medium. Moreover, induced differentiation was associated with enhanced incorporation of exogenous DHA, upregulation of acyl-CoA synthases, fatty acid binding proteins, choline kinase (CK) and phosphatidylserine synthases as well as increased total cellular phospholipids (PL). These findings suggest that active ARA metabolites may be important in the differentiation process and that neuronal induction prepares the resulting cells for increased DHA incorporation through the action of specific enzymes.

中文翻译：

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人间充质干细胞的神经分化影响脂质代谢途径

神经元膜含有异常高浓度的长链多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA），二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和花生四烯酸（ARA），这对于神经元的发育和功能至关重要。成人骨髓间充质干细胞（MSC）可以被诱导具有某些神经元特征。在这里，我们检查了神经元诱导对PUFA代谢特异性途径的影响。分化的细胞比MSC少ARA约30％。特定的ARA代谢酶的表达上调，尤其是前列腺素E2合酶的表达增加了15倍以上，同时培养基中PGE2的浓度也增加了3倍。此外，诱导的分化与外源DHA的掺入增加，酰基辅酶A合成酶的上调，脂肪酸结合蛋白，胆碱激酶（CK）和磷脂酰丝氨酸合酶以及增加的总细胞磷脂（PL）。这些发现表明，活性ARA代谢产物可能在分化过程中很重要，并且神经元诱导作用使所形成的细胞通过特定酶的作用增加DHA的掺入。