Hyperproperties, such as non-interference and observational determinism, relate multiple computation traces with each other and are thus not monitorable by tools that consider computations in isolation. We present the monitoring approach implemented in the latest version of RVHyper, a runtime verification tool for hyperproperties. The input to the tool are specifications given in the temporal logic HyperLTL, which extends linear-time temporal logic (LTL) with trace quantifiers and trace variables. RVHyper processes execution traces sequentially until a violation of the specification is detected. In this case, a counter example, in the form of a set of traces, is returned. RVHyper employs a range of optimizations: a preprocessing analysis of the specification and a procedure that minimizes the traces that need to be stored during the monitoring process. In this article, we introduce a novel trace storage technique that arranges the traces in a tree-like structure to exploit partially equal traces. We evaluate RVhyper on existing benchmarks on secure information-flow control, error correcting codes and symmetry in hardware designs. As an example application outside of security, we show how RVHyper can be used to detect spurious dependencies in hardware designs.

中文翻译：

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使用前缀树高效监视超属性

诸如非干扰性和观察性确定性之类的超属性将多个计算轨迹相互关联，因此无法通过单独考虑计算的工具进行监视。我们介绍了在最新版本的RVHyper（用于超属性的运行时验证工具）中实现的监视方法。该工具的输入是时态逻辑HyperLTL中给出的规范，该规范扩展了线性时间时态逻辑（LTL）以及跟踪量和跟踪变量。RVHyper会顺序处理执行跟踪，直到检测到违反规范为止。在这种情况下，将以一组跟踪的形式返回一个反例。RVHyper进行了一系列优化：规范的预处理分析和使监视过程中需要存储的痕迹最小化的过程。在本文中，我们介绍了一种新颖的跟踪存储技术，该技术将跟踪以树状结构排列，以利用部分相等的跟踪。我们根据现有基准对RVhyper进行评估，这些基准涉及安全信息流控制，纠错码和硬件设计中的对称性。作为安全性之外的示例应用程序，我们展示了如何将RVHyper用于检测硬件设计中的虚假依赖关系。