Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows a third party to perform arbitrary computations on encrypted data, learning neither the inputs nor the computation results. Hence, it provides resilience in situations where computations are carried out by an untrusted or potentially compromised party. This powerful concept was first conceived by Rivest et al. in the 1970s. However, it remained unrealized until Craig Gentry presented the first feasible FHE scheme in 2009. The advent of the massive collection of sensitive data in cloud services, coupled with a plague of data breaches, moved highly regulated businesses to increasingly demand confidential and secure computing solutions. This demand, in turn, has led to a recent surge in the development of FHE tools. To understand the landscape of recent FHE tool developments, we conduct an extensive survey and experimental evaluation to explore the current state of the art and identify areas for future development. In this paper, we survey, evaluate, and systematize FHE tools and compilers. We perform experiments to evaluate these tools' performance and usability aspects on a variety of applications. We conclude with recommendations for developers intending to develop FHE-based applications and a discussion on future directions for FHE tools development.

中文翻译：

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SoK：完全同态加密编译器

全同态加密（FHE）允许第三方对加密数据执行任意计算，既不学习输入也不计算结果。因此，它在不受信任或可能受到威胁的一方执行计算的情况下提供了弹性。这个强大的概念最早是由Rivest等人提出的。在1970年代。但是，直到Craig Gentry于2009年提出第一个可行的FHE方案之前，它一直没有实现。云服务中大量收集敏感数据的出现，再加上数据泄露的困扰，使受到严格监管的企业越来越需要机密和安全的计算解决方案。这种需求反过来导致FHE工具的开发近来激增。要了解最新的FHE工具开发情况，我们进行了广泛的调查和实验评估，以探索当前的技术水平并确定未来的发展领域。在本文中，我们对FHE工具和编译器进行了调查，评估和系统化。我们进行实验以评估这些工具在各种应用程序上的性能和可用性方面。最后，我们为打算开发基于FHE的应用程序的开发人员提供了建议，并讨论了FHE工具开发的未来方向。