We investigate transport dynamics of a single low-energy ionic impurity in a Bose-Einstein condensate. The impurity is implanted into the condensate starting from a single Rydberg excitation, which is ionized by a sequence of fast electric field pulses aiming to minimize the ion’s initial kinetic energy. Using a small electric bias field, we study the subsequent collisional dynamics of the impurity subject to an external force. The fast ion-atom collision rate, stemming from the dense degenerate host gas and the large ion-atom scattering cross section, allow us to study a regime of frequent collisions of the impurity within only tens of microseconds. Comparison of our measurements with stochastic trajectory simulations based on sequential Langevin collisions indicate diffusive transport properties of the impurity and allows us to measure its mobility. Our results open a novel path to study dynamics of charged quantum impurities in ultracold matter.

中文翻译：

---

浸入玻色-爱因斯坦冷凝物中的单个冷离子的运输

我们研究了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚物中单一低能离子杂质的传输动力学。杂质是从一次里德堡激发开始注入到冷凝物中的，而里德堡激发是通过一系列快速电场脉冲将其离子化的，目的是使离子的初始动能最小。使用较小的电偏置场，我们研究了受到外力作用的杂质的后续碰撞动力学。由于致密的简并主气和较大的离子原子散射截面而产生的快速离子-原子碰撞速度，使我们能够研究仅几十微秒内杂质频繁碰撞的状态。将我们的测量结果与基于连续Langevin碰撞的随机轨迹模拟进行比较，表明了杂质的扩散传输特性，并允许我们测量其迁移率。我们的结果为研究超冷物质中带电量子杂质的动力学开辟了一条新途径。