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Two-fluid model for the breakdown of flow alignment in nematic liquid crystals
Physical Review E ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 , DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.012705
Helmut R. Brand , Harald Pleiner

We present a macroscopic two-fluid model to explain the breakdown of flow alignment in nematic liquid crystals under shear flow due to smectic clusters. We find that the velocity difference of the two fluids plays a key role to mediate the time-dependent behavior as soon as a large enough amount of smectic order is induced by flow. For the minimal model it is sufficient to keep the nematic degrees of freedom, the mass density of the smectic clusters and the degree of smectic order, the density, and two velocities as macroscopic variables. While frequently a smectic A or C phase arises at lower temperatures, this is not required for the applicability of the present model. Indeed, as pointed out before by Gähwiller, there are compounds showing a breakdown of flow alignment over a large temperature range and no smectic phase, but a solid phase at lower temperatures. We also demonstrate that, using a one velocity model, there is no coupling under shear flow between induced smectic order and the director orientation in stationary situations thus rendering such a model to be unsuitable to describe the breakdown of flow alignment. In a two-fluid description, flow alignment breaks down and becomes unstable with regard to a space- and time-dependent state due to an induced finite velocity difference. In an Appendix we outline a mesoscopic model to account for the sign change in the anisotropy of the electric conductivity observed in nematics with smectic clusters.

中文翻译:

向列液晶中流动排列破裂的两流体模型

我们提出了一种宏观的双流体模型来解释向列型液晶在近晶簇引起的剪切流作用下流向排列的破坏。我们发现,一旦流体引起足够大的近晶顺序,两种流体的速度差就起着调解时间依赖性行为的关键作用。对于最小模型,足以保持向列自由度,近晶簇的质量密度以及近晶阶数,密度和两个速度作为宏观变量。虽然近晶A或C相经常在较低温度下出现,但这对于本模型的适用性不是必需的。实际上,正如Gähwiller之前指出的那样,有些化合物在较大的温度范围内没有流向排列的破坏,并且没有近晶相,但在较低温度下为固相。我们还证明,使用一个速度模型,在稳态情况下,在诱导的近晶顺序与指向矢取向之间的剪切流下不存在耦合,因此使这种模型不适合描述流向的破坏。在两流体的描述中,由于感应的有限速度差,流向破裂并在与空间和时间有关的状态方面变得不稳定。在附录中,我们概述了介观模型,以说明在具有近晶簇的向列型中观察到的电导率各向异性的符号变化。在静态情况下,在诱导的近晶次序与指向矢取向之间没有剪切流耦合,因此使这种模型不适合描述流向的破坏。在两流体的描述中,由于感应的有限速度差,流向破裂并在与空间和时间有关的状态方面变得不稳定。在附录中,我们概述了介观模型,以说明在具有近晶簇的向列型中观察到的电导率各向异性的符号变化。在静态情况下,在诱导的近晶次序与指向矢取向之间没有剪切流耦合,因此使这种模型不适合描述流向的破坏。在两流体的描述中,由于感应的有限速度差异,流向破裂,并且在与空间和时间有关的状态方面变得不稳定。在附录中,我们概述了介观模型,以说明在具有近晶簇的向列型中观察到的电导率各向异性的符号变化。
更新日期:2021-01-19
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