Piloting in the Panama Canal is exceptional as, due to its importance, the functions of the captains of vessels are taken over by pilots. Hence, prior to inauguration of the expanded canal, a limited number of pilots experienced on the existing canal were certified for the transit of Neopanamax vessels by means of planned and innovative individual learning. After this organisational training through operative training, with the implementation of the expanded canal in June 2016, the routine training started. Hence the learning curve in the performance of these manoeuvres will represent the growing skill acquired by both the pilots and the organisation. Given that the learning effect is measurable, this paper has the dual objective of determining two curve models: the organisation operative learning curve model and the routine learning curve model for pilots performing transit manoeuvres in the expanded Panama Canal waterways and the Cocolí and Agua Clara locks. Manoeuvre times in locks and transit in the whole of the canal were followed up continuously in the first 42 months of operation.

中文翻译：

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模拟操作和常规学习曲线在扩大的巴拿马运河的船闸和运输过程中

在巴拿马运河进行引航是非常特殊的，因为由于其重要性，船长的职能由引航员接管。因此，在扩建运河开通之前，有限数量的在现有运河上经验丰富的飞行员通过有计划和创新的个人学习获得了新巴拿马型船舶过境的认证。经过这次组织培训通过操作培训，随着2016年6月扩大运河的实施，常规培训开始了。因此，这些演习的学习曲线将代表飞行员和组织获得的不断增长的技能。鉴于学习效果是可测量的，本文具有确定两个曲线模型的双重目标：组织操作学习曲线模型和飞行员在扩大的巴拿马运河水道和科科利和阿瓜克拉拉水闸中进行过境机动的常规学习曲线模型。在运营的前 42 个月内，对整个运河的船闸和过境的机动时间进行了连续跟踪。