In this study, the chemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer effects of Thymus convolutus Klokov oil and its main compound camphor were investigated. The oil was isolated from T. convolutus using hydrodistillation method, analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and 66 compounds were identified. The main component was determined as camphor at 16.6%. The antioxidant properties were identified with the DPPH (2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging method and, 33.39 ± 0.25% DPPH was scavenging in 1000 μg/mL of essential oil. The strong antimicrobial activity was observed against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC values of 125 μg/mL. Aspergillus flavus was more sensitive (28%) against T. convolutus essential oil than other fungi. The cytotoxic effect of oil was analyzed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) method. Camphor was effective on human hepatoma cells (Hep3B) at concentrations of 1 mg/mL, 500, 250, and 125 μg/mL, while essential oil of T. convolutus was found to be effective at concentrations of 250 and 125 μg/mL. A reduction in cell proliferation was observed in colon carcinoma cells (HT-29) treated with 500 μg/mL camphor for 48 h. No statistically significant effect was found in Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) treated with essential oil and camphor.

中文翻译：

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土耳其百里香的精油化学成分、抗菌、抗癌和抗氧化作用

本研究考察了百里香油及其主要复方樟脑的化学成分、抗菌、抗氧化和抗癌作用。使用水蒸馏法从 T. convolutus 中分离出油，通过气相色谱/质谱 (GC-MS) 进行分析，并鉴定出 66 种化合物。主要成分为樟脑，含量为16.6%。抗氧化性能通过 DPPH（2,2'-二苯基-1-picrylhydrazyl）自由基清除方法确定，33.39 ± 0.25% DPPH 在 1000 μg/mL 精油中清除。对大肠杆菌、产气肠杆菌、变形杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌具有很强的抗菌活性，MIC 值为 125 μg/mL。Aspergillus flavus 对 T. convolutus 精油比其他真菌更敏感 (28%)。通过MTT(3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑)法分析油的细胞毒作用。樟脑在 1 mg/mL、500、250 和 125 μg/mL 的浓度下对人肝癌细胞 (Hep3B) 有效，而发现 T. convolutus 精油在 250 和 125 μg/mL 的浓度下有效。在用 500 μg/mL 樟脑处理 48 小时的结肠癌细胞 (HT-29) 中观察到细胞增殖减少。在用精油和樟脑处理的脐静脉内皮细胞 (HUVEC) 中没有发现统计学上的显着影响。发现 convolutus 在 250 和 125 μg/mL 的浓度下有效。在用 500 μg/mL 樟脑处理 48 小时的结肠癌细胞 (HT-29) 中观察到细胞增殖减少。在用精油和樟脑处理的脐静脉内皮细胞 (HUVEC) 中没有发现统计学上的显着影响。发现 convolutus 在 250 和 125 μg/mL 的浓度下有效。在用 500 μg/mL 樟脑处理 48 小时的结肠癌细胞 (HT-29) 中观察到细胞增殖减少。在用精油和樟脑处理的脐静脉内皮细胞 (HUVEC) 中没有发现统计学上的显着影响。