Nowadays, hybrid electric vehicles represent one of the main solutions for the reduction of greenhouse gases in the automotive sector. Alongside the reduction of CO₂, hybrid electric vehicles serve as a strong alternative on drivability and performance to conventional internal combustion engine-based vehicles. Vehicles exist with various missions; super sport cars usually aim to reach peak performance and to guarantee a great driving experience to the driver, but great attention must also be paid to fuel consumption. According to the vehicle mission, hybrid electric vehicles can differ in the powertrain configuration and the choice of the energy storage system. Manufacturers have recently started to work on Lithium-Ion Capacitors (LiC) -based hybrid vehicles. This paper discusses the usage of a control-oriented vehicle and powertrain model to analyze the performance of a dual motor LiC-based hybrid V12 vehicle by Automobili Lamborghini. P3–P4 and P2–P4 parallel hybrid configurations have been selected and compared since they allow to fully exploit the potential of the LiC storage system characterized by high power. The validated model has been used to develop control strategies aimed at fuel economy and CO₂ reduction, and in particular, both Rule Based Strategies (RBS) and Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies (ECMS) are presented in the paper. A critical comparison between the various powertrain configurations is carried out, keeping into account the peculiarities of the LiC technology and evaluating the performance of the different control approaches.

中文翻译：

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基于双马达锂离子电容器的混合动力超级跑车的能源管理优化

如今，混合动力电动汽车已成为减少汽车领域温室气体的主要解决方案之一。减少CO _2的同时，混合动力电动汽车在驾驶性能和性能方面是传统内燃机汽车的强大替代品。存在各种任务的车辆；超级跑车通常旨在达到最佳性能并确保为驾驶员提供出色的驾驶体验，但也必须非常注意油耗。根据车辆任务，混合动力电动汽车的动力总成配置和储能系统的选择可能会有所不同。制造商最近开始研究基于锂离子电容器（LiC）的混合动力汽车。本文讨论了以控制为导向的车辆和动力总成模型的使用，以分析兰博基尼汽车公司基于LiC的双发动机混合动力V12车辆的性能。选择并比较了P3-P4和P2-P4并行混合配置，因为它们可以充分利用以高功率为特征的LiC存储系统的潜力。经过验证的模型已用于开发针对燃油经济性和CO的控制策略₂减少，特别是基于规则的策略（RBS）和等效的消费最小化策略（ECMS）都在本文中提出。在考虑到LiC技术的特殊性并评估不同控制方法的性能的情况下，对各种动力总成配置进行了重要比较。