Ultrasonic spraying was used in a three-phase reactor to produce small droplets of triolein mixed with CaO as a solid catalyst at temperatures above the boiling point of methanol for enhancement of the transesterification of triolein. Droplets fell in the methanol countercurrent flow and were collected at the bottom of the reactor, followed by circulation to the ultrasonic spray system. The experimental parameters included triolein flow rates of 2.5–9.0 mL/min, reaction temperatures of 70–100 °C, and catalyst contents of 1.0–7.0 wt%. The methanol feed rate was set to be constant. The results suggested that the enhancement was successful after using the three-phase reactor by generating a high contact surface area for the droplets, which was a key factor for determining the performance. Comparing the results with conventional transesterification in the liquid phase using the same CaO at 60 °C, the three-phase reactor produced a methyl ester yield 2–5% higher during the 60 min trial period. However, the yield became lower after 60 min because the mass transfer of methanol to the droplets was limited. The transesterification kinetics were estimated based on the experimental data—assuming a first-order reaction—and the results indicated a range of the rate constant, an apparent activation energy, and a pre-exponential factor of 1.21–3.70 × 10⁻² min⁻¹, 36.1 kJ mol⁻¹, and 64.9 min⁻¹, respectively, suggesting that the three-phase reactor was effective for fast transesterification at the initial stage.

中文翻译：

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在三相反应器中使用超声波将含CaO颗粒的三油精颗粒喷入甲醇蒸气进行酯交换反应

在三相反应器中使用超声喷雾以在高于甲醇沸点的温度下产生与作为固体催化剂的CaO混合的三油精小液滴，以增强三油精的酯交换反应。液滴以甲醇逆流下落，并收集在反应器底部，然后循环至超声喷雾系统。实验参数包括三油精流速为2.5–9.0 mL / min，反应温度为70–100°C和催化剂含量为1.0–7.0 wt％。甲醇进料速率设定为恒定。结果表明，在使用三相反应器后，通过产生高的液滴接触表面积，增强是成功的，这是确定性能的关键因素。与在60°C下使用相同的CaO在液相中进行常规酯交换反应的结果进行比较，在60分钟的试验期内，三相反应器的甲酯收率提高了2-3％。但是，由于限制了甲醇向液滴的传质，因此60分钟后收率降低。酯交换动力学是根据实验数据（假设是一级反应）估算的，结果表明速率常数，表观活化能和指数前因子为1.21-3.70×10^-2分钟^-1，36.1千焦摩尔^-1，和64.9分钟^-1，分别表明三相电抗器是有效的在初始阶段快速酯交换反应。