This paper explores the socio-economic legacy created by an extractive industry as it developed, or sought to develop, in nine different communities or regions across Australia, Canada, the United States, and Wales – drawing on mixed-method research collected between 2011 and 2018. By the early 2010s, a number of unconventional fossil fuel companies were securing land access agreements for seismic and drilling exploration in the Western Downs region of South-East Queensland, the Northern Rivers region of North-Eastern New South Wales, the states of New York and Pennsylvania, the Province of New Brunswick, and southern Wales. Stark cultural, social and environmental contrasts between communities within each nation shaped community responses to potential industry development – levels of social license for developments, community responses and subsequent unconventional fossil fuel development varied widely. This article explores the impact of the industry on community resilience. A resilient community is likely to have high social capital, including strong social networks, feelings of safety and trust, sense of belonging, diversity, citizen power and participation. These social responses to the industry, combined with the existing local contexts and the differing regulatory frameworks of each community/region, can be argued to have led to divergent effects on overall community social and economic resilience across our case studies. Power, industrial impacts, relationships, resources, social action, timing of the debates, equity concerns, and strategic decision making (or lack thereof) shaped the degree of resilience with which each community/region responded. In four of our cases, resilience declined (e.g., due to increased economic homogenisation, decreasing social connectivity and citizen power); in five cases resilience increased (e.g., the legacy created by the emergence of social movements substantially increased social connectivity, sense of belonging and citizen power).

本文探讨了采掘业在澳大利亚、加拿大、美国和威尔士的九个不同社区或地区发展或寻求发展时所创造的社会经济遗产——借鉴了 2011 年至 2011 年间收集的混合方法研究。 2018. 到 2010 年代初，许多非常规化石燃料公司正在争取在昆士兰东南部的西部唐斯地区、新南威尔士州东北部的北部河流地区、新南威尔士州的北部河流地区进行地震和钻探勘探的土地使用协议。纽约州和宾夕法尼亚州、新不伦瑞克省和威尔士南部。每个国家内社区之间鲜明的文化、社会和环境对比塑造了社区对潜在行业发展的反应——发展的社会许可水平，社区的反应和随后的非常规化石燃料开发差异很大。本文探讨了该行业对社区弹性的影响。一个有弹性的社区可能拥有很高的社会资本，包括强大的社交网络、安全感和信任感、归属感、多样性、公民权力和参与。这些对行业的社会反应，再加上现有的当地环境和每个社区/地区的不同监管框架，可以说对我们案例研究中的整体社区社会和经济弹性产生了不同的影响。权力、产业影响、关系、资源、社会行动、辩论时间、公平问题和战略决策（或缺乏）塑造了每个社区/地区响应的弹性程度。在我们的四个案例中，韧性下降（例如，由于经济同质化加剧、社会连通性和公民权力下降）；在五个案例中，复原力增加了（例如，社会运动的出现所创造的遗产大大增加了社会联系、归属感和公民权力）。