Though both spouses and strangers understand a speaker equally well in a novel communication task, people overestimate their success of communication more with spouses than strangers (Savitsky, Keysar, Epley, Carter, & Swanson, 2011). This phenomenon, termed the closeness-communication bias, is presumed to occur because people anchor their common ground assessments egocentrically and only minimally adjust when they perceive their interlocutors to be similar to themselves. In four experiments on college undergraduates, we investigated whether (1) friendship, (2) college affiliation, (3) minimal groups, and (4) familiarity (as defined as shared experience) affected the closeness-communication bias. As predicted, participants predicted greater prosody comprehension for friends than strangers (η_p² = 0.56), as did minimal group members (η_p² = 0.220) and individuals who engaged in a short online chat (η_p² = 0.116). However, we did not find evidence of the bias when comparing undergraduates speaking to another student from the same college vs. speaking to a student from a rival college (η_p² = 0.04). Thus, people are more likely to overestimate common ground both when they have prior personal experience with their interlocutors or when they have minimal knowledge about their interlocutors' group characteristics. In addition, the amount of personal experience or prior knowledge influences the magnitude of the bias.

尽管配偶和陌生人在一个新颖的交流任务中都能很好地理解说话者，但人们高估了与配偶的交流成功，而不是陌生人（Savitsky，Keysar，Epley，Carter和Swanson，2011年）。这种现象被称为“亲密交流偏见”，之所以会发生是因为人们以自我为中心锚定自己的共同基础评估，并且只有在他们认为对话者与自己相似时才进行最小程度的调整。在针对大学生的四个实验中，我们调查了（1）友谊，（2）大学隶属关系，（3）最小群体和（4）熟悉度（定义为共享经验）是否影响了亲密沟通的偏见。如预期的那样，参与者预测对朋友的韵律理解要比陌生人（η_p ² = 0.56），作为最小的小组成员（DID η _p ²谁从事简短的在线聊天（= 0.220）和个人η _p ² = 0.116）。然而，比较本科生而言，从同一所大学与来自对手大学（讲一个学生一个学生的时候，我们没有发现偏差的证据η _p ² = 0.04）。因此，无论是以前与对话者的亲身经历还是对对话者的群体特征了解甚少的人，人们都有可能高估共同点。此外，个人经验或先验知识的数量也会影响偏见的程度。