Background:

This systematic review and meta-regression sought to identify the relative importance of factors associated with physical, emotional, and sexual violence against children in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding of factors associated with violence is important for targeted programming and prevention on the population level.

Methods:

We searched 17 electronic databases from 1989 to 2018 and reports from child violence surveys. Nationally representative studies that described evidence on potential factors associated with violence against children under 18 years old were included. The search was restricted to the English language. Factors were synthesized quantitatively using robust variance estimation, with 95% confidence intervals, for each violence type.

Results:

We identified 8,346 unduplicated studies, and 103 publications met our eligibility criteria. The data distribution was uneven across region, country income status, factors, and violence types. Of the 94 eligible studies quantitatively synthesized, no specific factors were significant for physical violence. Lower household socioeconomic status, being a girl, and primary education of mothers and adults in the household were associated with emotional violence, and being a girl was associated with sexual violence.

Conclusion:

A broad spectrum of factors merit consideration for physical violence policy and prevention among the general population of children in low- and middle-income countries. Conversely, a tailored approach may be warranted for preventing emotional and sexual violence. Information is unequally distributed across countries, factors, and violence types. Greater emphasis should be placed on collecting representative data on the general population and vulnerable subgroups to achieve national reductions in violence against children.

中文翻译：

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低收入和中等收入国家针对儿童的暴力行为的相关因素：国家代表性数据的系统审查和元回归

背景：

这项系统回顾和元回归旨在确定低收入和中等收入国家中与针对儿童的身体、情感和性暴力相关的因素的相对重要性。了解与暴力相关的因素对于人口层面的有针对性的规划和预防非常重要。

方法：

我们检索了 1989 年至 2018 年的 17 个电子数据库以及儿童暴力调查报告。其中包括描述与针对 18 岁以下儿童的暴力行为相关的潜在因素的证据的全国代表性研究。搜索仅限于英语。对于每种暴力类型，使用稳健方差估计（置信区间为 95%）对因素进行定量综合。

结果：

我们确定了 8,346 项不重复的研究，其中 103 篇出版物符合我们的资格标准。不同地区、国家收入状况、因素和暴力类型的数据分布不均匀。在 94 项合格的定量综合研究中，没有任何特定因素对身体暴力具有显着影响。较低的家庭社会经济地位、作为女孩以及家庭中母亲和成人的初等教育与情感暴力有关，作为女孩与性暴力有关。

结论：

在低收入和中等收入国家的一般儿童群体中制定身体暴力政策和预防措施时，需要考虑多种因素。相反，可能需要采取量身定制的方法来预防情感暴力和性暴力。信息在国家、因素和暴力类型之间分布不均。应更加重视收集有关普通民众和弱势群体的代表性数据，以实现全国范围内减少暴力侵害儿童行为。