ABSTRACT

Crop rotations and residue management contribute to the sustainability of the soil and environment and reduction of fertiliser use. However, appropriate crop and residue level combinations have yet to be determined to maximise productivity, while ensuring the preservation of soil resources in different agricultural production systems. The experiment evaluated production and soil chemical properties in bean after three preceding crops (bread wheat, durum wheat, and corn) with four residue incorporation levels (0%, 50%, 100%, and 200%) under irrigation conditions in volcanic soil in south-central Chile. A split plot design with four replicates was used. Results indicated that the production of grain and crop residue of bean were higher after corn and durum wheat. The preceding crop also affected some soil chemical properties, especially after the corn crop. The production parameters were not affected by the different residue levels; these had a positive effect on the concentrations of N, K, and Mg and an effect that was directly proportional to the residue level being used. Correlations between soil chemical properties were also established, consistently highlighting the increase in the concentration of the nutrients N, K, Ca, and Mg associated with increases in organic matter content.

摘要

作物轮作和残留物管理有助于土壤和环境的可持续性以及减少化肥的使用。然而，尚未确定适当的作物和残留水平组合以最大限度地提高生产力，同时确保不同农业生产系统中土壤资源的保护。该实验评估了在火山土壤中灌溉条件下四种残留掺入水平（0%、50%、100% 和 200%）的前三种作物（面包小麦、硬粒小麦和玉米）后豆的产量和土壤化学性质。智利中南部。使用具有四个重复的裂区设计。结果表明，玉米和硬粒小麦之后，豆类的粮食和作物残渣产量较高。前茬作物也影响了一些土壤化学性质，尤其是在玉米收成之后。生产参数不受不同残留水平的影响；这些对 N、K 和 Mg 的浓度产生了积极影响，并且与所使用的残留量成正比。还建立了土壤化学性质之间的相关性，始终强调与有机质含量增加相关的养分 N、K、Ca 和 Mg 浓度的增加。