Abstract

Sustainable weed management strategies are important for reducing chemical inputs and development of weed resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of extracts from winter cover crops (cereal rye, black oat, forage turnip, and common vetch) and summer cover crops (jack bean, velvet bean, and brown hemp) on seed germination and seedling growth of glossy nightshade (Solanum americanum Mill), under controlled conditions. The aqueous extracts were produced from the shoot biomass of cover crops at concentrations of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Fifty S. americanum seeds were placed on Germitest paper moistened with 15 mL of each extract concentration. Cereal rye extract at the highest concentration reduced total germination to 43% and caused a 62% reduction in the germination rate index (GRI) of S. americanum. Velvet bean extract reduced germination, GRI, and seedling growth of S. americanum from the lowest concentration applied, while concentrations of 75% and 100% completely suppressed seedling development. Decomposing cereal rye and velvet bean cover crops have potential to suppress germination and growth of S. americanum. Efficient cover crops could reduce herbicide applications, and thus improve herbicide resistance management.

摘要

可持续杂草管理策略对于减少化学投入和发展杂草抗性非常重要。本研究旨在评估冬季覆盖作物（谷物黑麦、黑燕麦、饲料萝卜和普通野豌豆）和夏季覆盖作物（刀豆、鹿茸豆和棕麻）的提取物对光泽植物种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。茄属植物（Solanum americanum Mill），在受控条件下。水提取物是从覆盖作物的枝条生物量中产生的，浓度分别为 0%、25%、50%、75% 和 100%。五十个美洲龙舌兰将种子放置在用 15 mL 每种提取物浓度润湿的 Germittest 纸上。最高浓度的谷物黑麦提取物使美洲大麦的总发芽率降低至 43%，并使发芽率指数 (GRI) 降低 62% 。鹿茸豆提取物从最低施用浓度开始降低了美洲花的发芽率、GRI 和幼苗生长，而 75% 和 100% 浓度则完全抑制幼苗发育。腐烂的黑麦和蚕豆覆盖作物有可能抑制美洲花的发芽和生长。高效的覆盖作物可以减少除草剂的使用，从而改善除草剂抗性管理。