Abstract

A critical review of separation methods and technologies for lignocellulosic biomass conversion through thermochemical processes to liquid fuels is presented. The multistep processing of biomass includes thermochemical conversion, product upgrading and final fuels separation. Chemicals and biofuels are produced from intermediate streams in each processing section. In the thermochemical conversion, product streams from gasification, liquefaction and pyrolysis require separation technologies for conditioning of main products and removal of impurities. In the upgrading, the separation technologies play an important role in the definition of different process configurations for conversion of unstable hydrocarbon fractions into specific biofuel types and chemicals via upgrading reactions. In the final fuels’ separation section, separation technologies must be implemented to separate desired biofuels from gases, chemicals, wastewater and solid products. Hence, for total biomass to liquid (BtL) processes, separation technologies are important to improve the interface between the sections and to determine the substructures and subsequent processing methods and techniques. It is observed that separation is more demanding in such biorefinery processes for BtL productions. On the other hand, the widely used separation methods in refineries are also mostly employed in BtL processes including phase separation, scrubbing, filtration, extraction, absorption, distillation, fractionation.

摘要

对通过热化学过程将木质纤维素生物质转化为液体燃料的分离方法和技术进行了批判性审查。生物质的多步加工包括热化学转化、产品升级和最终燃料分离。化学品和生物燃料是从每个加工段的中间流中生产出来的。在热化学转化中，来自气化、液化和热解的产品流需要分离技术来调节主要产品和去除杂质。在升级过程中，分离技术在定义通过升级反应将不稳定烃馏分转化为特定生物燃料类型和化学品的不同工艺配置方面发挥着重要作用。在最终燃料的分离部分，必须采用分离技术将所需的生物燃料从气体、化学品、废水和固体产品中分离出来。因此，对于总生物质到液体 (BtL) 工艺，分离技术对于改善各部分之间的界面以及确定子结构和后续处理方法和技术非常重要。据观察，在此类 BtL 生产的生物精炼工艺中，分离要求更高。另一方面，炼油厂广泛使用的分离方法也大多用于BtL工艺，包括相分离、洗涤、过滤、萃取、吸收、蒸馏、分馏。分离技术对于改善部分之间的界面以及确定子结构和后续处理方法和技术非常重要。据观察，在此类 BtL 生产的生物精炼工艺中，分离要求更高。另一方面，炼油厂广泛使用的分离方法也大多用于BtL工艺，包括相分离、洗涤、过滤、萃取、吸收、蒸馏、分馏。分离技术对于改善部分之间的界面以及确定子结构和后续处理方法和技术非常重要。据观察，在此类 BtL 生产的生物精炼工艺中，分离要求更高。另一方面，炼油厂广泛使用的分离方法也大多用于BtL工艺，包括相分离、洗涤、过滤、萃取、吸收、蒸馏、分馏。