To evaluate the feasibility of bamboo shoot shell (BSS) application in total mixed ration silage (TMR) production, the effects of BSS substitution for whole-crop corn on the fermentation characteristics, nutritive value, aerobic stability and in vitro parameters of TMR silage were studied. Four TMR formulations were designed based on dry matter: (1) 0% bamboo shoot shell + 23% whole-crop corn (BSS₀); (2) 4% bamboo shoot shell + 19% whole-crop corn (BSS₄); (3) 8% bamboo shoot shell + 15% whole-crop corn (BSS₈); and (4) 12% bamboo shoot shell + 11% whole-crop corn (BSS₁₂). After 90 days of ensiling, the silos were opened and sampled for fermentation characteristics, nutritive value and in vitro analyses, and subsequent 14-day aerobic stability test. All TMR silages were well preserved except BSS₁₂, characterized by high lactic acid content and V-score, low pH and NH₃-N and butyric acid content. With increasing proportion of BSS, crude protein increased (p <.05), and water soluble carbohydrate decreased (p < .05). Under aerobic exposure, BSS-substituted (BSS₄, BSS₈ and BSS₁₂) silages were more stable than BSS₀ silage, as characterized by relatively low silage temperature and high water soluble carbohydrate content. No obvious (p> .05) difference of BSS substitution was observed on in vitro ruminal gas production, digestibility, metabolizable energy and net energy for lactation. The substitution of whole-crop corn with 4% BSS and 8% BSS had no undesired effect on the fermentation characteristics and in vitro digestibility, and efficiently improving the aerobic stability of TMR silages. The BSS₈ substitution level is recommended to maximize the BSS utilization.

中文翻译：

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竹笋壳部分替代全麦玉米在不影响体外消化率的情况下提高全混合日粮青贮有氧稳定性

为了评估竹笋壳 (BSS) 在全混合日粮青贮 (TMR) 生产中的可行性，BSS 替代全麦玉米对 TMR 青贮发酵特性、营养价值、需氧稳定性和体外参数的影响是学习了。基于干物质设计了四种 TMR 配方：(1) 0% 竹笋壳 + 23% 全麦玉米 (BSS ₀ )；(2) 4% 竹笋壳 + 19% 全麦玉米 (BSS ₄ )；(3) 8% 竹笋壳 + 15% 全麦玉米 (BSS ₈ )；(4) 12% 竹笋壳 + 11% 全麦玉米 (BSS ₁₂）。青贮 90 天后，将筒仓打开并取样进行发酵特性、营养价值和体外分析，以及随后的 14 天需氧稳定性测试。除 BSS _{12 外}，所有 TMR 青贮饲料均保存完好，其特点是乳酸含量和 V 值高、pH 值低、NH ₃ -N 和丁酸含量低。随着BSS比例的增加，粗蛋白增加（p <.05），水溶性碳水化合物减少（p < .05）。在有氧暴露下，BSS 替代（BSS ₄、BSS ₈和 BSS ₁₂）青贮饲料比 BSS ₀更稳定青贮饲料，其特点是青贮温度相对较低，水溶性碳水化合物含量较高。在体外瘤胃产气量、消化率、代谢能和泌乳净能方面没有观察到BSS替代的明显差异（p > .05）。用4% BSS和8% BSS替代全麦玉米对发酵特性和体外消化率没有不良影响，有效提高了TMR青贮饲料的有氧稳定性。建议使用 BSS ₈替代级别以最大化 BSS 利用率。