In the glaciated mountains of the Upper Indus Basin of Pakistan, glacier- and snowmelt- based irrigation systems have been established over several centuries to secure water for cultivation. However, these systems are now facing several challenges, being sensitive to climate change and thus exposed to the resulting extreme events such as glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) and flash floods, also difficult terrain and access paths, male outmigration, limited technical capacity and a weak policy and governance system. Hence, exploring the potential options for overcoming the challenges and irrigating arable barren land could lead to economic prosperity and environmental gains.

中文翻译：

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罕萨河流域的农业用水管理挑战：太阳能水泵是一种替代选择吗？*

在巴基斯坦上印度河流域的冰川山脉，几个世纪以来建立了以冰川和融雪为基础的灌溉系统，以确保耕作用水。然而，这些系统现在面临着一些挑战，对气候变化很敏感，因此容易受到由此产生的极端事件的影响，如冰川湖溃决洪水 (GLOF) 和山洪暴发、地形和通道困难、男性向外移民、技术能力有限和薄弱的政策和治理体系。因此，探索克服挑战和灌溉贫瘠土地的潜在选择可能会带来经济繁荣和环境收益。