Intensive fishing is altering the functioning of aquatic ecosystems worldwide, threatening both biodiversity and food security. No‐fishing reserves have proven effective at restoring food‐web structure and enhancing fisheries in marine ecosystems, but remain virtually untested in freshwater systems. Using experiments inside and outside of community‐created riverine reserves in Thailand, we describe a trophic cascade across six trophic levels, from humans to algal responses to nutrient availability. Protection from fishing profoundly reconfigures fish communities – greatly increasing biodiversity, biomass, and body size – yet mean trophic position was unaffected. Cascade dynamics from fish to algae were observed regardless of protection status, although fishing intensified trophic interactions through strong effects on grazing insect behavior. The marked effectiveness of these small, grassroots reserves offers an important conservation‐planning model for protecting food webs and augmenting fishery yields in biodiverse tropical rivers.

中文翻译：

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基层保护区拯救了河流食物网，避免了过度捕捞的一系列影响

集约化捕捞正在改变世界范围内水生生态系统的功能，威胁到生物多样性和粮食安全。事实证明，不捕捞的保护区在恢复食物网结构和增强海洋生态系统中的渔业方面是有效的，但实际上在淡水系统中未经测试。通过在泰国社区创建的河流保护区内外进行的实验，我们描述了从人类到藻类对养分有效性的六个营养级的营养级联。免受捕捞的保护极大地改变了鱼类群落，极大地增加了生物多样性，生物量和鱼体大小，但营养位置却未受影响。不论保护状态如何，都观察到了从鱼类到藻类的级联动态，尽管捕捞通过对放牧昆虫行为的强烈影响而增强了营养相互作用。