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Magmatic Processes in the East African Rift System: Insights From a 2015–2020 Sentinel‐1 InSAR Survey
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 , DOI: 10.1029/2020gc009488
F. Albino 1 , J. Biggs 1
Affiliation  

The East African Rift System (EARS) is composed of around 78 Holocene volcanoes, but relatively little is known about their past and present activity. This lack of information makes it difficult to understand their eruptive cycles, their roles in continental rifting and the threat they pose to the population. Although previous InSAR surveys (1990–2010) showed sign of unrest, the information about the dynamics of the magmatic systems remained limited by low temporal resolution and gaps in the data set. The Sentinel‐1 SAR mission provides open‐access acquisitions every 12 days in Africa and has the potential to produce long‐duration time series for studying volcanic ground deformation at regional scale. Here, we use Sentinel‐1 data to provide InSAR time series along the EARS for the period 2015–2020. We detect 18 ground deformation signals on 14 volcanoes, of which six are located in Afar, six in the Main Ethiopian Rift, and two in the Kenya‐Tanzanian Rift. We detected new episodes of uplift at Tullu Moje (2016) and Suswa (mid‐2018), and enigmatic long‐lived subsidence signals at Gada Ale and Kone. Subsidence signals are related to a variety of mechanisms including the posteruptive evolution of magma reservoirs (e.g., Alu‐Dallafila), the compaction of lava flows (e.g., Nabro), and pore‐pressure changes related to geothermal or hydrothermal activity (e.g., Olkaria). Our results show that ∼20% of the Holocene volcanoes in the EARS deformed during this 5‐years snapshot and demonstrate the diversity of processes occurring.

中文翻译:

东非裂谷系统中的岩浆作用过程:2015-2020年Sentinel-1 InSAR调查的真知灼见

东非裂谷系统(EARS)由大约78个全新世火山组成,但对其过去和现在的活动知之甚少。由于缺乏信息,很难理解它们的爆发周期,它们在大陆裂谷中的作用以及它们对人口的威胁。尽管先前的InSAR调查(1990-2010年)显示出动荡的迹象,但有关岩浆系统动力学的信息仍然受到时间分辨率低和数据集空白的限制。Sentinel-1 SAR任务每12天在非洲提供一次开放获取,并有可能产生长期时间序列,用于研究区域规模的火山岩地层变形。在这里,我们使用Sentinel-1数据来提供2015-2020年沿EARS的InSAR时间序列。我们在14个火山上检测了18个地面变形信号,其中六个位于阿法尔,六个位于埃塞俄比亚主裂谷,两个位于肯尼亚-坦赞尼裂谷。我们在Tullu Moje(2016)和Suswa(2018年中)发现了新的隆起事件,并在Gada Ale和Kone上发现了神秘的长寿命沉降信号。沉降信号与多种机制有关,包括岩浆储层的后伏演化(例如,Alu-Dallafila),熔岩流的压实(例如,Nabro)以及与地热或热液活动有关的孔隙压力变化(例如,Olkaria) )。我们的结果表明,在这5年快照中,EARS中约有20%的全新世火山变形,并显示了发生过程的多样性。我们在Tullu Moje(2016)和Suswa(2018年中)发现了新的隆起事件,并在Gada Ale和Kone上发现了神秘的长寿命沉降信号。沉降信号与多种机制有关,包括岩浆储层的后伏演化(例如,Alu-Dallafila),熔岩流的压实(例如,Nabro)以及与地热或热液活动有关的孔隙压力变化(例如,Olkaria) )。我们的结果表明,在这5年快照中,EARS中约有20%的全新世火山变形,并显示了发生过程的多样性。我们在Tullu Moje(2016)和Suswa(2018年中)发现了新的隆起事件,并在Gada Ale和Kone上发现了神秘的长寿命沉降信号。沉降信号与多种机制有关,包括岩浆储层的后伏演化(例如,Alu-Dallafila),熔岩流的压实(例如,Nabro)以及与地热或热液活动有关的孔隙压力变化(例如,Olkaria) )。我们的结果表明,在这5年快照中,EARS中约有20%的全新世火山变形,并显示了发生过程的多样性。熔岩流的压实(例如Nabro)以及与地热或热液活动有关的孔隙压力变化(例如Olkaria)。我们的结果表明,在这5年快照中,EARS中约有20%的全新世火山变形,并显示了发生过程的多样性。熔岩流的压实(例如Nabro)以及与地热或热液活动有关的孔隙压力变化(例如Olkaria)。我们的结果表明,在这5年快照中,EARS中约有20%的全新世火山变形,并显示了发生过程的多样性。
更新日期:2021-03-04
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