Depletion of fossil resources, global warming, and increasing world's population represent major Damocles' sword for humanity to ensure its future against famine, climate change, and the end of the petroleum era. Solutions will come from production of plant-based chemicals, which is not new, nor a historical artifact. On earth, 99% of the biomass alive is composed of plants and microorganisms. Because of this biodiversity, it could be sufficient as a comprehensive sustainable resource of reagents for industry. Against this background, what will be needed for the industry worldwide to solve the long-standing unresolved problem of how to convert plant biomass into reagents, ingredients, and products with acceptable societal, environmental, and cost levels? There is an urgent need for conceptual leap in fundamental and applied research by original ‘multi-scales understanding.' Mitigating climate change fueled by anthropogenic activities with plant-based green chemistry to establish a circular bio-based economy while adhering to the Sustainable Development Goals is the scope of this perspective review.

化石资源的枯竭，全球变暖和世界人口的增加，是达摩克利斯人的主要利器，以确保其未来免遭饥荒，气候变化和石油时代的终结。解决方案将来自植物性化学品的生产，这不是新产品，也不是历史遗物。在地球上，活着的生物量中有99％由植物和微生物组成。由于这种生物多样性，它足以作为工业试剂的全面可持续资源。在这种背景下，全球工业界需要解决长期未解决的问题，即如何将植物生物质转化为具有可接受的社会，环境，和成本水平？迫切需要通过原始的“多尺度理解”在基础研究和应用研究中实现概念上的飞跃。本观点综述的范围是在人为活动的推动下，以植物为基础的绿色化学缓解气候变化，以建立循环的生物基经济，同时遵守可持续发展目标。