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Identification, segregation, and characterization of individual cracks in three dimensions
International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences ( IF 7.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104615
Jie Liu , Jincheng Huang , Keyu Liu , Klaus Regenauer-Lieb

Cracks and fractures commonly exist in rocks and other brittle media and can significantly impact material deformation and fluid migration. Adequate characterization of cracks is essential to address relevant mechanical and fluid dynamic problems. A key challenge in characterizing cracks in three-dimensional space lies in the effective identification and separation of individual cracks from their intersected networks. We present a method for identifying, segregating and characterizing cracks in 3D space directly from a volumetric image acquired from microtomography as follows: 1) pre-processing digital images and segmentation; 2) analysing basic information of the binary images statistically; 3) filtering and/or removing non-crack related structures in the images; 4) smoothing and mending images; 5) thinning the void structures to reduce thickness in preparation for the separating step; 6) separating intersections in a crack network; 7) labelling cracks across intersections by the same identifier and restoring cracks to their original thickness. The characterization of cracks in three dimensions can be achieved after the above-described processing steps. Once the detailed characteristics of individual cracks in a 3D system are documented, statistical variables such as fractal dimensions can be extracted and thus the scaling law of the cracks can be defined. Potential application of our method and procedure includes predicting the characteristics of fractures at large scale and the relationships among the geometry of cracks, permeability, and stress states.



中文翻译:

在三个维度上识别,隔离和表征单个裂缝

裂缝和裂缝通常存在于岩石和其他脆性介质中,并且可以显着影响材料变形和流体迁移。裂纹的充分表征对于解决相关的机械和流体动力学问题至关重要。表征三维空间裂缝的关键挑战在于如何有效地识别和分离单个裂缝及其相交的网络。我们提出了一种直接从显微断层照相术获得的体积图像中识别,隔离和表征3D空间中的裂纹的方法,如下:1)预处理数字图像和分割;2)统计分析二值图像的基本信息;3)过滤和/或去除图像中与裂纹无关的结构;4)平滑和修补图像;5)减薄空隙结构以减小厚度,以准备分离步骤;6)分离裂纹网络中的交叉点;7)使用相同的标识符在交叉路口标记裂缝,并将裂缝恢复至其原始厚度。在上述处理步骤之后,可以实现三维裂纹的表征。一旦记录了3D系统中单个裂纹的详细特征,就可以提取统计数据(例如分形维数),从而定义裂纹的缩放定律。我们的方法和程序的潜在应用包括预测大范围的裂缝特征以及裂缝的几何形状,渗透率和应力状态之间的关系。6)分离裂纹网络中的交叉点;7)使用相同的标识符在交叉路口标记裂缝,并将裂缝恢复至其原始厚度。在上述处理步骤之后,可以实现三维裂纹的表征。一旦记录了3D系统中单个裂纹的详细特征,就可以提取统计数据(例如分形维数),从而定义裂纹的缩放定律。我们的方法和程序的潜在应用包括预测大范围的裂缝特征以及裂缝的几何形状,渗透率和应力状态之间的关系。6)分离裂纹网络中的交叉点;7)使用相同的标识符在交叉路口标记裂缝,并将裂缝恢复至其原始厚度。在上述处理步骤之后,可以实现三维裂纹的表征。一旦记录了3D系统中单个裂纹的详细特征,就可以提取统计数据(例如分形维数),从而定义裂纹的缩放定律。我们的方法和程序的潜在应用包括预测大范围的裂缝特征以及裂缝的几何形状,渗透率和应力状态之间的关系。在上述处理步骤之后,可以实现三维裂纹的表征。一旦记录了3D系统中单个裂纹的详细特征,就可以提取统计数据(例如分形维数),从而定义裂纹的缩放定律。我们的方法和程序的潜在应用包括预测大范围的裂缝特征以及裂缝的几何形状,渗透率和应力状态之间的关系。在上述处理步骤之后,可以实现三维裂纹的表征。一旦记录了3D系统中单个裂纹的详细特征,就可以提取统计数据(例如分形维数),从而定义裂纹的缩放定律。我们的方法和程序的潜在应用包括预测大范围的裂缝特征以及裂缝的几何形状,渗透率和应力状态之间的关系。

更新日期:2021-01-19
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