Electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to provide substantial potential for demand response (DR) and, thus, the integration of renewable electricity sources in the future energy system. However, DR can also have noticeable negative consequences, so-called avalanche effects. We systematically assess under which circumstances avalanche effects occur and what impact they have on the electricity system and cost savings for EV owners. Our results show that DR can provoke unwanted avalanche effects, which are particularly strong beyond 2030, when the leverage of EV charging will have increased to a significant level. It is possible to avoid avalanche effects by using a dynamically updated DR signal. If this is used, our findings confirm that shifting charging load from peaks to hours of low or negative residual load reduces the peak and variance of residual load and facilitates the integration of renewables.

电动汽车（EV）有望为需求响应（DR）提供巨大潜力，从而在未来的能源系统中整合可再生能源。但是，灾难恢复也会产生明显的负面影响，即所谓的雪崩效应。我们系统地评估在什么情况下会发生雪崩效应，以及雪崩效应会对电力系统产生何种影响，并为电动汽车所有者节省成本。我们的结果表明，灾难恢复会引起不希望的雪崩效应，而当电动汽车充电的杠杆作用提高到显着水平时，这种雪崩效应将在2030年之后尤其强烈。通过使用动态更新的DR信号可以避免雪崩效应。如果使用了