This paper presents a sizing method with sensitivity analysis for battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) to minimize vehicle-lifetime costs. An optimization framework is proposed to solve joint energy management-sizing optimization. Sensitivity analysis is performed using eight parameters of the vehicle, HESS system and components as sensitive factors. We explain why HESS sizing is sensitive to each factor by discussing the change of optimal HESS size and costs with varying factor values. The relative importance of each factor in practical engineering is quantified and compared. Results show that battery degradation accounts for around 89% of HESS costs; among eight sensitive factors, vehicle driving range has the biggest impact on HESS costs with a calculated impact degree of 1.243. By analyzing comprehensive factors in optimization of HESS sizing, it is expected to provide general a sizing guide applicable to various application scenarios of HESS in electric vehicles.

本文提出了一种用于电池-超级电容器混合储能系统（HESS）的带有灵敏度分析的选型方法，以最大程度地减少车辆使用寿命。提出了一种优化框架来解决联合能源管理规模优化问题。使用车辆，HESS系统和组件的八个参数作为敏感因素进行灵敏度分析。通过讨论最佳HESS尺寸和成本随因子值的变化，我们解释了为什么HESS选型对每个因子都敏感。量化并比较了实际工程中每个因素的相对重要性。结果表明，电池退化约占HESS成本的89％；在八个敏感因素中，车辆行驶距离对HESS成本的影响最大，计算出的影响度为1.243。