BACKGROUND Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorders among school-age children worldwide. In a more recent follow-up study, Biederman et al. found that 78% of children diagnosed with ADHD between the ages of 6-17 years continued to have a full (35%) or a partial persistence after eleven years. OBJECTIVE In this study, it was aimed to identify the factors contributing to the persistence of ADHD symptoms in elemantary school children who were prospectively assessed both in their earlier and upper grades. METHODS The sample was drawn from a previous community-based study where ADHD symptoms in 3696 first/or second graders were examined in regard to their school entry age. Two years after, the families of the children that participated in the initial study were called by phone and invited to a re-evaluation session. Among those who were reached, 154 were consequently eligible and were assessed with Swanson, Nolan and Pelham questionnaire (SNAP-IV), Conners' rating scales (CRS) and the Kiddie schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia (K-SADS). RESULTS Of the 154 children, 81 had been evaluated to have "probable ADHD" by the initial interview. Among these 81 children, 50 (61.7%) were indeed diagnosed with ADHD after two years. Initial scores of the teacher reported SNAP-IV inattention subscale predicted the ADHD diagnosis after two years, with an odds ratio of 1.0761 (p = 0.032, Wald: 4.595). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that high inattention symptom scores reported by the teacher in the earlier grades, might predict an ADHD diagnosis in upper grades.

中文翻译：

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低年级评估的小学生多动症持续性的预测因素：来自土耳其伊斯坦布尔的前瞻性队列研究

背景注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是全世界学龄儿童中最常见的神经发育障碍。在最近的一项后续研究中，Biederman 等人。发现在 6-17 岁之间被诊断患有 ADHD 的儿童中有 78% 在 11 年后继续完全（35%）或部分持续存在。目的 在本研究中，旨在确定导致在低年级和高年级接受前瞻性评估的小学儿童 ADHD 症状持续存在的因素。方法 样本来自之前的一项基于社区的研究，该研究根据入学年龄检查了 3696 名一年级/二年级学生的 ADHD 症状。两年后，参加初步研究的儿童的家人接到了电话，并被邀请参加重新评估会议。在接触到的人中，有 154 人因此符合资格，并使用斯旺森、诺兰和佩勒姆问卷 (SNAP-IV)、康纳斯的评分量表 (CRS) 和儿童情感障碍和精神分裂症表 (K-SADS) 进行评估。结果 在 154 名儿童中，81 名在初次面谈时被评估为“可能患有多动症”。在这 81 名儿童中，50 名（61.7%）在两年后确实被诊断出患有多动症。教师报告的 SNAP-IV 注意力不集中量表的初始分数预测了两年后 ADHD 的诊断，优势比为 1.0761（p = 0.032，Wald：4.595）。结论 我们的结果表明，教师在低年级报告的注意力不集中症状评分较高，