This paper addresses the problem of altitude control of stratospheric balloon platforms. Over the last years, there has been an increasing interest in the development of balloon platforms with the ability of maneuvering and fluctuating at the stratosphere for different applications on the basis of remote-sensing. Considering the current trend of a high connected world with sensor grids spread in wide geographical areas, the interest in balloon platform applications has increased posing new challenges for future applications. One of the major problems encountered in this context is how to guarantee constant altitude sustainability. Although the technologies required to address this problem already exist, low cost and easy to launch solutions are still needed considering applications on a wide scale. In this work, a theoretical model of the balloon dynamic is presented and validated. A valve control loop mechanism is proposed for rubber balloons. The controller is tuned empirically and numerical simulations conducted for performance analysis and a case study in a real mission. The proposed solution contributes to increase the capacity of rubber balloons by proposing an altitude control system that allows fluctuation stages which, in general, are not common with this type of balloon.

本文解决了平流层气球平台的高度控制问题。在过去的几年中，人们对气球平台的开发越来越感兴趣，该气球平台具有在平流层上基于遥感在各种应用中进行操纵和波动的能力。考虑到当前高连通世界的趋势，传感器网格遍布广泛的地理区域，对气球平台应用的兴趣日益增加，对未来的应用提出了新的挑战。在这种情况下遇到的主要问题之一是如何保证恒定的高度可持续性。尽管已经存在解决该问题所需的技术，但是考虑到大规模的应用，仍然需要低成本且易于启动的解决方案。在这项工作中 提出并验证了气球动力学的理论模型。提出了一种用于橡胶气球的阀控制环机构。对控制器进行经验调整，并进行数值模拟，以进行性能分析和实际任务中的案例研究。提出的解决方案通过提出一种高度控制系统来提高橡胶气球的容量，该高度控制系统允许波动阶段，而这种波动阶段通常在这种类型的气球中并不常见。