In the context of secure multi-party computation, private set intersection (PSI) is an important cryptographic primitive for performing joint operations on datasets in a privacy preserving manner. In particular, it allows the participants to privately determine the intersection of their private datasets. Most of the existing PSI protocols are based on traditional classical cryptosystems, which are proven to be vulnerable in quantum domain. This makes the requirement of quantum computer resistant PSI. Applying quantum cryptography in the design of PSI is an ideal approach to address these issues. In this paper, we present a quantum PSI (QPSI) relying on the basic quantum mechanics principles, which are resistant against well-known quantum attacks. Quantum resources in our QPSI are considered as single photons and we require to perform only simple single-particle projective measurements. These features make our QPSI more feasible to implement with the present technology, compared to the existing QPSI protocols, which adopt multi-particle entangled states and complicated quantum operators. On a more positive note, in our QPSI, only one time quantum communication and quantum computation allows execution of set intersection functionality multiple number of times, provided the client’s set size remains same, while the existing QPSI protocols do not achieve this property.

在安全的多方计算环境中，私有集交集（PSI）是一种重要的加密原语，用于以隐私保护的方式对数据集执行联合操作。特别是，它允许参与者私下确定其私有数据集的交集。现有的大多数PSI协议都基于传统的经典密码系统，事实证明，该系统在量子域中很脆弱。这就要求对量子计算机有抵抗力的PSI。在PSI设计中应用量子密码学是解决这些问题的理想方法。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于基本量子力学原理的量子PSI（QPSI），它可以抵抗众所周知的量子攻击。QPSI中的量子资源被视为单光子，我们仅需要执行简单的单粒子投射测量。与现有的采用多粒子纠缠态和复杂的量子算符的QPSI协议相比，这些功能使我们的QPSI使用本技术更可行。更为积极的一点是，在我们的QPSI中，如果客户端的集合大小保持不变，而现有的QPSI协议没有实现此特性，则只有一次量子通信和量子计算可以多次执行集合路口功能。它采用了多粒子纠缠态和复杂的量子算子。更为积极的一点是，在我们的QPSI中，如果客户端的集合大小保持不变，而现有的QPSI协议没有实现此特性，则只有一次量子通信和量子计算可以多次执行集合路口功能。它采用了多粒子纠缠态和复杂的量子算子。更为积极的一点是，在我们的QPSI中，如果客户端的集合大小保持不变，而现有的QPSI协议没有实现此特性，则只有一次量子通信和量子计算可以多次执行集合路口功能。