This study examined the effects of high-impact weight-bearing exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolic markers in middle-aged premenopausal women. Forty middle-aged premenopausal women were initially enrolled, but thirty-one participants (40.34 ± 3.69 years) completed in the study. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups including the high-impact weight-bearing exercise group (HWE, n = 14) and control group (CON, n = 17). The HWE group participated in the exercise for 50 min a day, three days per week for four months, while the CON group maintained their regular lifestyle. The HWE program included 10 different high-impact weight-bearing exercises such as jumping and running. BMD was measured using DXA (Hologic, QDR 4500W, Marlborough, MA, USA). The bone metabolic markers including serum 25-(OH) D, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), and calcium were analyzed. The results showed that the BMDs of femur, lumbar, and forearm did not significantly change during the intervention period in both the HWE and CON groups. A significant decrease in bone formation markers such as OC (F = 10.514, p = 0.003, η_p² = 0.266) and an increase in bone resorption marker including CTX (F = 8.768, p = 0.006, η_p² = 0.232) were found only in the CON group, while these values did not change in the HWE group. There was a significant increase in serum 25-(OH) D (F = 4.451, p = 0.044, η_p² = 0.133) in the HWE group. Our findings suggest that four months of HWE is not sufficient to improve BMD and bone metabolic markers, but this impact exercise program may prevent the age-associated changes in bone turnover markers in middle-aged premenopausal women.

中文翻译：

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高影响力负重锻炼对中年绝经前妇女骨矿物质密度和骨代谢的影响：一项随机对照试验。

这项研究检验了高影响力的负重运动对绝经前中年妇女骨矿物质密度（BMD）和骨代谢指标的影响。最初招募了40名中年绝经前妇女，但有31名参与者（40.34±3.69岁）在研究中完成。将受试者随机分为两组，包括高影响力负重运动组（HWE，n = 14）和对照组（CON，n = 17）。HWE组每天进行50分钟，每周三天，四个月的锻炼，而CON组则保持正常的生活方式。HWE计划包括10种不同的高影响力负重锻炼，例如跳跃和跑步。使用DXA（Hologic，QDR 4500W，Marlborough，MA，USA）测量BMD。骨代谢指标包括血清25-（OH）D，分析了完整的甲状旁腺激素（PTH），骨保护素（OPG），骨桥蛋白（OPN），核因子κB配体的受体激活剂（RANKL），骨钙素（OC），1型胶原的C端端肽（CTX）和钙。结果表明，HWE和CON组在干预期间，股骨，腰部和前臂的BMD均没有显着变化。骨形成标记（例如OC（F = 10.514，p = 0.003，_ηp ² = 0.266）和包括CTX在内的骨吸收标记物的增加（F = 8.768，p = 0.006，_ηp ² = 0.232）仅在CON组中发现，而这些值确实在HWE组中保持不变。HWE组的血清25-（OH）D显着增加（F = 4.451，p = 0.044，_ηp ² = 0.133）。我们的研究结果表明，四个月的HWE不足以改善BMD和骨代谢指标，但是这种影响锻炼程序可能会阻止中年绝经前妇女与骨龄相关的年龄变化。