Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are increasing due to the abuse and misuse of antibiotics, and nosocomial infections by MDR bacteria are also increasing. The aim of this study was to identify new substances that can target MDR bacteria among 12 plant extracts that are known to have antibacterial effects. The experiments were performed by the disk diffusion test and microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). By screening against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), grapefruit seed extract (GSE) was selected from 12 plant extracts for subsequent experiments. GSE showed antibacterial effects against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) in the disk diffusion test. Even at the lowest concentration, GSE showed antibacterial activity in the microdilution MIC test. As a result, we can conclude that GSE is a naturally derived antibacterial substance that exhibits a favorable antibacterial effect even at a very low concentration, so it is a good candidate for a natural substance that can be used to prevent or reduce nosocomial infections as coating for materials used in medical contexts or by mixing a small amount with other materials.

中文翻译：

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葡萄柚籽提取物作为抗多种药物细菌的天然抗菌成分。

由于滥用和滥用抗生素，耐多药（MDR）的细菌在增加，MDR细菌在医院内的感染也在增加。这项研究的目的是在已知具有抗菌作用的12种植物提取物中鉴定出可以靶向MDR细菌的新物质。如临床和实验室标准协会（CLSI）所述，通过圆盘扩散试验和微稀释最小抑制浓度（MIC）试验进行实验。通过针对甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）进行筛选，从12种植物提取物中选择了葡萄柚种子提取物（GSE），用于后续实验。GSE对耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和耐万古霉素具有抗菌作用金黄色葡萄球菌（VRSA）在磁盘扩散测试中。即使在最低浓度下，GSE在微量稀释MIC测试中也显示出抗菌活性。结果，我们可以得出结论，GSE是一种天然来源的抗菌物质，即使在非常低的浓度下也显示出良好的抗菌效果，因此它是天然物质的良好候选者，可用于预防或减少医院感染。用于医疗用途的材料，或将少量与其他材料混合的材料。